A Study of Water Budget in the Desert Area of Northwest China

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In order to do research on processes of water and heat balances in desert area the observational systems were established and some preliminary were experiments were implemented on Heihe River Basin in Gansu.1. Survey of hydrological characteristics in Heihe areaThe Heife Area is located in the dry area along the Gobi desert. In addition to other conditions such as atmospheric forcing and land surface state. The behavior of heat balance and the real evapotranspiration in this area depend on the soil moisture near surface ground and underground because the surface ground does not keep the wet condition.This survey was done in order to obtain the data available for analysis of heat and water balances in the area and estimation of evapotranspiration. As the first step the groundwater table and its physiochemical characteristics such as PH and electrical conductivity were measured.2. Boring of observational well and holes for observing the soil moistureThe new observational well was digged by the boring machine near the basic station of desert. Its depth was 15m and groundwater level was about 4m. And in order to get the data continuously four water-level recorders were established at this new well and the existing wells.3. Measurement of thermal characteristics of sandy layer in desert area. Their results were 2.0X10^<-3>cal/cm・sec・^0 C in thermal conductivity and 0.32cal/cm^<3.0> c in heat capacity.These results will be available in the Sino-Japan Cooperational Program on hydrological observation in Heihe area (HEIFE), 1991-1993.