Studies on New World leishmaniasis and its transmisson

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In this fiscal year (1992), the data obtained were analyzed from the view of parasitological, immunological, molecular biological, clinical and pathological points as follows :1. Findings on Andean leishmaniasis and its ecology.(1) Andean leishmaniasis cases were reported from two regions of Ecuador, Huigra (1,300 m a.s.l.) and Alausi (2,300-2,500 m), Department of Chimborazo. In the areas schoolchildren, dogs as reservoir host and vector sandflies were examined.(2) Leishmania parasistes were isolated from Lutomyia ayacuchensis caught in both sites, Alausi and Huigra, and also from two children (1 and 2 year-old females) living in Huigra.2. Molecular biological findiings.(1) Karyotypes of L. mexicana, L. panamensis and L. major-like parasites from Ecuador were analyzed by a pulsed field gel electrophoreses (PFGE). The karyotype variations observd among isolates from distinct regions appear to reflect the species diversity of Leishmania in Ecuador.(2) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tec … More hniques have been applied for detection of Leishmania DNA.3. Vector entomological findings.(1) Biting activity and Leishmania infection of sandfly, Lutzomyia spp. collected by four different methods were examined, especially in relation to parous rates.(2) The sandfly fauna of each of nine sites endemic for Leishmania was sampled using a variety of collection methosds.4. Clinico-epidemiological findings on the lowland leishmaniasis(1) Clinical forms of the disease in the Pacific lowland were described in detail.(2) Bacterial and fungal floras in suspected Leishmania ulcers of patients from leishmaniasis endemic areas were studied, in relation to the secondary infection.5. Light and electron microscopical findings.(1) Experimentally infected hamsters with Ecuadorian Leishmania isolates were thoroughly examined from clinico-pathological points of view.(2) Ultrastructural observations on the cutaneous lesions of three patients with leishmaniasis were also examined.6. findings on the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.Leishmanicidal activity of paromomycin, meglumine antimonate and mercury chrome was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for the purpose topical applications to American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Less