Studies on New World leishmaniasis and its transmisson

本财政年度(1992)从寄生虫学、免疫学、分子生物学、临床和病理学的角度对所获得的资料进行了如下分析：1.安第斯利什曼病及其生态学的发现(1)安第斯利什曼病病例来自厄瓜多尔的两个地区：惠格拉(1300ma.s.l.)和Alausi(2,300-2,500米)，钦博拉索部。(2)从阿劳斯和惠格拉两个地点捕获的雅古氏隐翅虫以及惠格拉的两名儿童(1岁和2岁雌性)中分离到副利什曼原虫。分子生物学研究：(1)采用脉冲场凝胶电泳法(PFGE)对厄瓜多尔产墨西哥钩端螺旋体、泛美钩端螺旋体和类大型钩端螺旋体进行了核型分析。不同地区分离株之间的核型差异似乎反映了厄瓜多尔利什曼原虫的物种多样性。(2)聚合酶链式反应tec…越来越多的技术被应用于利什曼原虫DNA的检测。媒介昆虫学发现。(1)沙蝇的叮咬活动和利什曼原虫感染。采用不同的采集方法对利什曼原虫特有的9个地点的沙蝇区系进行采样。低地利什曼病的临床流行病学研究结果(1)详细描述了太平洋低地利什曼病的临床表现。(2)对利什曼病流行区疑似利什曼原虫溃疡患者的细菌和真菌菌群与继发感染的关系进行了研究。光镜和电子显微镜观察发现：(1)实验感染厄瓜多尔利什曼原虫分离株的仓鼠从临床病理角度进行了彻底的检查。(2)对3例利什曼病患者的皮肤病变进行了超微结构观察。皮肤利什曼病的治疗结果：为了局部应用于美国皮肤利什曼病，在体外和体内评价了帕罗霉素、锑酸葡甲胺和铬汞的杀利什曼活性。较少

In this fiscal year (1992), the data obtained were analyzed from the view of parasitological, immunological, molecular biological, clinical and pathological points as follows :1. Findings on Andean leishmaniasis and its ecology.(1) Andean leishmaniasis cases were reported from two regions of Ecuador, Huigra (1,300 m a.s.l.) and Alausi (2,300-2,500 m), Department of Chimborazo. In the areas schoolchildren, dogs as reservoir host and vector sandflies were examined.(2) Leishmania parasistes were isolated from Lutomyia ayacuchensis caught in both sites, Alausi and Huigra, and also from two children (1 and 2 year-old females) living in Huigra.2. Molecular biological findiings.(1) Karyotypes of L. mexicana, L. panamensis and L. major-like parasites from Ecuador were analyzed by a pulsed field gel electrophoreses (PFGE). The karyotype variations observd among isolates from distinct regions appear to reflect the species diversity of Leishmania in Ecuador.(2) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tec … More hniques have been applied for detection of Leishmania DNA.3. Vector entomological findings.(1) Biting activity and Leishmania infection of sandfly, Lutzomyia spp. collected by four different methods were examined, especially in relation to parous rates.(2) The sandfly fauna of each of nine sites endemic for Leishmania was sampled using a variety of collection methosds.4. Clinico-epidemiological findings on the lowland leishmaniasis(1) Clinical forms of the disease in the Pacific lowland were described in detail.(2) Bacterial and fungal floras in suspected Leishmania ulcers of patients from leishmaniasis endemic areas were studied, in relation to the secondary infection.5. Light and electron microscopical findings.(1) Experimentally infected hamsters with Ecuadorian Leishmania isolates were thoroughly examined from clinico-pathological points of view.(2) Ultrastructural observations on the cutaneous lesions of three patients with leishmaniasis were also examined.6. findings on the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.Leishmanicidal activity of paromomycin, meglumine antimonate and mercury chrome was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for the purpose topical applications to American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Less