Pathophysiological studies on the New and Old World leishmaniases and their transmission

除了不同实验研究的结果外，还从厄瓜多尔、阿根廷和巴基斯坦获得了关于新大陆和旧大陆利什曼病的病理生物学和传播的以下发现。1.寄生虫学研究结果：分析了13种（14株）人类致病性利什曼原虫细胞色素B（Cyt B）基因的RNA编辑区。并与非人类致病性利什曼原虫L. tarentolae（Sauroleishmania）。2.媒介昆虫学研究结果：建立了一种灵敏度足以检测每种白蛉体内利什曼原虫生物的分子技术。通过评估Cyt B基因序列，成功鉴定了在果蝇中发现的利什曼原虫寄生虫。在阿根廷北方，记述了角潜蝇属Lutzomyia，Lu. neivai，Lu. Cortelezzii和Lu。sallesi;没有观察到利什曼原虫的苍蝇自然感染。在巴基斯坦，对收集的材料进行了显微镜和分子生物学检查， 关于我们 其形态和利什曼原虫感染。PCR检测未发现寄生虫。在巴基斯坦，采集的蝇类经鉴定为帕帕塔斯白蛉、克里斯多夫塞蝇和斯氏塞蝇。punjubensis基于其形态。3.诊断和寄生虫检测：采用PCR方法，通过半巢式PCR和Southern杂交，在61只犬中发现6只利什曼原虫小环动基体DNA阳性。4.临床和流行病学方面：在厄瓜多尔，不同疾病形式的频率分布计算如下：CL，91.2%和MCL，8.9%，DL和DCL各仅发现一种，但未观察到VL。在巴基斯坦，我们的研究表明，这种疾病正在从流行地区逐渐向未感染地区蔓延。5.实验性利什曼病：实验结果表明，ONO-4007和INF-γ通过诱导感染利什曼原虫的巨噬细胞（J774）表达iNOS，激活巨噬细胞，从而发挥杀利什曼原虫活性，抑制细胞内无鞭毛体的增殖。少

The following findings on the pathobiology and transmission on the New and Old World leishmaniases were obtained from Ecuador, Argentina and Pakistan, in addition to the results of different experimental studies. 1.Parasitological findings : RNA editing regions of Cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene of 13 human pathogenic Leishmania species (14 strains) were analyzed. The regions were compared with those of non-human pathogenic Leishmania parasite, L. tarentolae (Sauroleishmania). 2.Vector entomological findings : A molecular technique sensitive enough to detect Leishmania organisms within each sandfly was established. The Leishmania parasites found in the flies were identified successfully by assessing Cyt b gene sequences. In northern Argentina, 3 species of the genus Lutzomyia, Lu. neivai, Lu. cortelezzii, and Lu. sallesi were found ; no natural infection of the flies with Leishmania was observed. In Pakistan, the materials collected were examined microscopically and molecular-biologically on … More their morphology and Leishmania parasite infection. No parasite was detected by PCR. In Pakistan, the flies collected were identified as Phlebotomus papatasi, Sergentomyia christophersi and S. punjubensis based on their morphology. 3.Diagnosis and parasite detection : By PCR-based methods, 6 out of 61 dogs were found to be positive for Leishmania minicircle kinetoplast DNA by semi-nested PCR and southern hybridization. 4.Clinical and epidemiological aspects : In Ecuador, the frequency distribution of different disease forms was calculated as follows : CL, 91.2% and MCL, 8.9%, and only one each of DL and DCL was found, but no VL was observed. In Pakistan, our study suggested that the disease is spreading gradually from the endemic areas to the virgin areas. 5.Experimental leishmaniasis : Experimental results suggested that ONO-4007 and INF-γ are the potent stimulators for activation of macrophages by inducing iNOS expression in Leishmania-infected macrophages (J774), which render the leishmanicidal activity against intracellular amastigotes proliferation. Less