Pathophysiological studies on the New and Old World leishmaniases and their transmission

除了不同的实验研究结果外，还从厄瓜多尔、阿根廷和巴基斯坦获得了关于新旧世界利什曼病的病原学和传播学的以下发现。1.寄生虫学发现：对13种人致病利什曼原虫(14株)的细胞色素b(Cytb)基因的RNA编码区进行了分析。并与非人类致病利什曼原虫--达氏利什曼原虫(Sauroleishmania)进行了比较。2.媒介昆虫学发现：建立了一种灵敏的分子技术，足以检测每只沙蝇体内的利什曼原虫。通过对Cytb基因序列的分析，成功地鉴定了在果蝇中发现的利什曼原虫。报道了阿根廷北部的丝状丝藻属(Lutzmyia)3种。内瓦伊，卢。Cortelzzii和Lu.未观察到自然感染利什曼原虫。在巴基斯坦，收集的材料在…上进行了显微镜和分子生物学检查更多的是它们的形态和利什曼原虫感染。聚合酶链式反应检测未检出寄生虫。在巴基斯坦，收集到的苍蝇根据形态被鉴定为帕帕塔西白头翁(Phlebotomus Papatasi)、christophersi Sergentmyia christophersi和S.pujubensis。3.诊断和寄生虫检测：半套式聚合酶链式反应和Southern杂交检测61只犬中6只小环利什曼原虫运动泡体DNA阳性。4.临床和流行病学方面：在厄瓜多尔，不同疾病类型的频率分布如下：CL占91.2%，MCL占8.9%，DL和DCL各有一种，但未发现VL。在巴基斯坦，我们的研究表明，这种疾病正在从流行区逐渐传播到处女区。5.实验性利什曼病：实验结果表明，ONO-4007和INF-γ可诱导感染利什曼原虫的巨噬细胞(J774)表达诱导型一氧化氮合酶，从而抑制细胞内无鞭毛体增殖，从而激活巨噬细胞。较少

The following findings on the pathobiology and transmission on the New and Old World leishmaniases were obtained from Ecuador, Argentina and Pakistan, in addition to the results of different experimental studies. 1.Parasitological findings : RNA editing regions of Cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene of 13 human pathogenic Leishmania species (14 strains) were analyzed. The regions were compared with those of non-human pathogenic Leishmania parasite, L. tarentolae (Sauroleishmania). 2.Vector entomological findings : A molecular technique sensitive enough to detect Leishmania organisms within each sandfly was established. The Leishmania parasites found in the flies were identified successfully by assessing Cyt b gene sequences. In northern Argentina, 3 species of the genus Lutzomyia, Lu. neivai, Lu. cortelezzii, and Lu. sallesi were found ; no natural infection of the flies with Leishmania was observed. In Pakistan, the materials collected were examined microscopically and molecular-biologically on … More their morphology and Leishmania parasite infection. No parasite was detected by PCR. In Pakistan, the flies collected were identified as Phlebotomus papatasi, Sergentomyia christophersi and S. punjubensis based on their morphology. 3.Diagnosis and parasite detection : By PCR-based methods, 6 out of 61 dogs were found to be positive for Leishmania minicircle kinetoplast DNA by semi-nested PCR and southern hybridization. 4.Clinical and epidemiological aspects : In Ecuador, the frequency distribution of different disease forms was calculated as follows : CL, 91.2% and MCL, 8.9%, and only one each of DL and DCL was found, but no VL was observed. In Pakistan, our study suggested that the disease is spreading gradually from the endemic areas to the virgin areas. 5.Experimental leishmaniasis : Experimental results suggested that ONO-4007 and INF-γ are the potent stimulators for activation of macrophages by inducing iNOS expression in Leishmania-infected macrophages (J774), which render the leishmanicidal activity against intracellular amastigotes proliferation. Less