Studies on New World leishmaniasis and its transmission

为了阐明中美洲和南美洲利什曼病的流行病学特征，主要在厄瓜多尔对该病的几个方面进行了实地研究。所得结果总结如下：1。根据厄瓜多尔迄今发表的文章，该病可能有三种或四种临床形式，即皮肤病例（约占总数的93%）、粘膜皮肤病例（6%或7%）、内脏和弥漫性皮肤病例。报告的大多数病例来自太平洋沿岸，其次是亚马逊。在安第斯高地或安第斯中部也观察到一些病例。我们已经分离出八个利什曼原虫种群，五个来自人类，三个来自野生哺乳动物。基于单克隆抗体血清组分型结果的鉴定显示，5株中有3株来自人类areL。braziliensis panamensis和所有三种来自野生哺乳动物的L. mexicana amazoninsis。一些来自人类和哺乳动物的种群需要进一步调查，直到它们完全具有特征为止。在媒介和宿主方面，除了在厄瓜多尔已有记录的种外，还新发现了一种Lutzomyia （gomzi）和一种Tamandua tetradac tyla。本研究中使用的皮肤试验和ELISA对皮肤和粘膜形式具有高度敏感性和特异性。这些诊断工具在流行病学调查中对疾病的筛查是非常有用的。厄瓜多尔的安第斯利什曼病（uta）最初是在安第斯山脉中部（海拔2300 - 2500米）发现的。疑似病媒为戊氏Lutzomyia petuenses。从高地和低地利什曼溃疡中分离出细菌菌群，并进行了彻底的检查，与利什曼溃疡的演变有关。因此，这里提出的大多数发现可以被认为是调查的初步结果。在这些基础资料的基础上，我们希望在今后的实地研究中进一步阐明新大陆特别是厄瓜多尔利什曼病的流行病学特征。少

In order to elucidate epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in Centeal and South Americas, field studies on several aspects of the disease were performed mainly in ecuador. The results obtained are summarized as follows:1. According to the articles published in Ecuador to date, there may be three or foue clinical forms of the disease, cuta- neous cases (ca. 93% of total), mucocutaneous (6 or 7%), and visceral and diffuse cutaneous ones. The majority of cases reported was from the Pacific coast, followed by the Amazon. A few cases were also observed in the Andean highland or the mid-Andes.2. We have isolated eight Leishmania stocks, five from humans and three from wild mammals. Identifications based on results of serodeme typing using monoclonal antibodies revealed that three of the five from humans areL. braziliensis panamensis and all three from wild mammals are L. mexicana amazoninsis. Some stocks from humans and mammals require further investigation until theyare fully character … More ized.3. With regard to the vector and reservoir, one species of Lutzomyia, gomezi, and one mammalian species, Tamandua tetradac tyla, were newly implicated, in addition to species recorded already in Ecuador.5. The skin test and ELISA used in this study were highly sensitive and specific for cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms. These diagnostic tools could be very useful in screening of thedisease in epidemiological surveys.6. Andean Leishmaniasis (uta) in Ecuador was first described from the mid-andes (2,300-2,500 m above sea level). The suspected vector is Lutzomyia petuenses. Bacterial flora was isolated from highland and lowland leishmanial ulcers and examined thoroughly, in relation to evolution of leishmanial ulcers.Thus, most of the findings presented here can be considered as preliminary results of the investigation. Based on these basic data obtained, we hope to further elucidate the epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in the new World, with particular reference to Ecuador, in future field research. Less