Studies on New World leishmaniasis and its transmission

为了阐明中部和南美洲利什曼病的流行病学特征，主要在厄瓜多尔对该疾病的几个方面进行了实地研究。报告的病例大多来自太平洋沿岸，其次是亚马逊地区。在安第斯高地或安第斯中部也观察到一些病例。我们已经分离出8个利什曼原虫种群，其中5个来自人类，3个来自野生哺乳动物。根据使用单抗的血清病分型结果进行的鉴定显示，五例中有三例来自人类。Braziliens panamensis和这三种野生哺乳动物都是墨西哥乳杆菌。人类和哺乳动物的一些种群需要进一步研究，直到它们完全具有特征的…更有趣的是。关于媒介和宿主，除了厄瓜多尔已经记录的物种之外，新发现了一种Lutzmyia gomezi和一种哺乳动物Tamandua Tetdac Tyla。本研究中使用的皮肤试验和酶联免疫吸附试验对皮肤和粘膜皮肤形态具有高度的敏感性和特异性。这些诊断工具在流行病学调查中对疾病的筛查非常有用。厄瓜多尔的安第斯利什曼病(UTA)首先在安第斯山脉中部(海拔2,300-2,500米)被描述。疑似病媒生物为小斑潜蝇。从高原和低地利什曼溃疡中分离出细菌菌群，并对其与利什曼溃疡演变的关系进行了彻底的检查。因此，这里提出的大多数发现可以被认为是调查的初步结果。基于获得的这些基本数据，我们希望在未来的实地研究中进一步阐明新世界利什曼病的流行病学特征，特别是参考厄瓜多尔。较少

In order to elucidate epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in Centeal and South Americas, field studies on several aspects of the disease were performed mainly in ecuador. The results obtained are summarized as follows:1. According to the articles published in Ecuador to date, there may be three or foue clinical forms of the disease, cuta- neous cases (ca. 93% of total), mucocutaneous (6 or 7%), and visceral and diffuse cutaneous ones. The majority of cases reported was from the Pacific coast, followed by the Amazon. A few cases were also observed in the Andean highland or the mid-Andes.2. We have isolated eight Leishmania stocks, five from humans and three from wild mammals. Identifications based on results of serodeme typing using monoclonal antibodies revealed that three of the five from humans areL. braziliensis panamensis and all three from wild mammals are L. mexicana amazoninsis. Some stocks from humans and mammals require further investigation until theyare fully character … More ized.3. With regard to the vector and reservoir, one species of Lutzomyia, gomezi, and one mammalian species, Tamandua tetradac tyla, were newly implicated, in addition to species recorded already in Ecuador.5. The skin test and ELISA used in this study were highly sensitive and specific for cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms. These diagnostic tools could be very useful in screening of thedisease in epidemiological surveys.6. Andean Leishmaniasis (uta) in Ecuador was first described from the mid-andes (2,300-2,500 m above sea level). The suspected vector is Lutzomyia petuenses. Bacterial flora was isolated from highland and lowland leishmanial ulcers and examined thoroughly, in relation to evolution of leishmanial ulcers.Thus, most of the findings presented here can be considered as preliminary results of the investigation. Based on these basic data obtained, we hope to further elucidate the epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in the new World, with particular reference to Ecuador, in future field research. Less