Studies on New World leishmaniasis and its transmission

在本研究中，美国皮肤和粘膜皮肤利什曼病进行了检查。主要研究结果如下：1.媒介和寄生虫的关系：在厄瓜多尔的8个省，其中朱曼利什曼病是地方病，静脉矿沙蝇采样。共采集到40种，其中至少有11种是该国的新记录。这一记录使厄瓜多尔的白蛉种类增加到56种。在该国，迄今为止，已将Lutzomyia、trapidoi、hartmanni和gomezi属的三种沙蝇记录为利什曼病媒介。在目前的研究中，卢。安第斯高原的ayacuchensis为阳性。每月检查利什曼原虫自然感染和白蛉叮咬活动。ayacuchensis在安第斯利什曼病流行区Paute进行。结果表明，该蝇的自然感染和叮咬活动均存在明显的月变化 ...更多信息 在该地区的S表明在雨季的高传输强度。储集宿主研究：在不同的人类利什曼病流行区，194野生动物和家畜进行了检查，进行肝穿刺，其中14或7.2%的原生动物呈阳性。来自安第斯家养狗的一个菌株被鉴定为Le pifanoi，但大多数仍然无法鉴定。低地与高地利什曼病的比较：即使在疾病的初始阶段，高地利什曼病患者的皮肤表现与低地患者相比也是轻微的.病原体利什曼原虫属的特征：从太平洋沿岸和亚马逊河低地病人中分离到18株利什曼原虫，从安第斯高原分离到11株利什曼原虫。这些分离株的特点是精确采用血清，zymode和adhesionodeme分析。在安第斯山脉地区勒。pifanoi被发现，而在太平洋沿岸的Le panamensis和Le。亚马逊河流域为优势种，Le.巴西亚马逊河流域。少

In the present study, American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows.1. Vector and parasite relationships: in eight Departments of Ecuador where juman leishmaniases are endemic, the phleboto mine sand fly was sampled. A total of 40 species was collected, of which at least 11 represented new records for the country. This record increased the number of sand fly species of Ecuador to 56. In the country, three sand fly species of the genus Lutzomyia, trapidoi, hartmanni and gomezi, hitherto, had been recorded as Leishmania-vectors. In the present study, Lu. ayacuchensis from Andean plateau was found to be positive for the parasite. Monthly examination of the natural infection with Leishmania and the biting activity of the sand fly, Lu. ayacuchensis was performed in Andean leishmaniasis-endemic area, Paute. The results revealed that there is a marked monthly variation in both natural infections and biting activity, of the flie … More s in the area suggesting a high transmission intensity during the rainy season.2. Reservoir host research: In distinct human leishmaniasis-endemic areas, 194 wild and domestic animals were examined, by performing liver punctures, of which 14 or 7.2% were positive for protozoans. A strain from Andean domestic dogs was identified as Le pifanoi but the mojority still remained unidentifiable.3. Comparison of lowland and highland leishmaniasis: Cutaneous manifestations of highland leishmaniasis patients are mild compared to those of lowland patients even in the initial phase of the disease.4. Features of causative agent, Leishmania spp.: 18 Leishmania strains from the Pacific coast and Amazonian lowland patients and 11 from Andean highland were isolated. These isolates were precisely characterized employing serodeme, zymodeme and schizodeme analysis. In the Andes area Le. pifanoi was found, while in the Pacific coast Le panamensis and Le. amazonensis were prevalent and Le. braziliensis, in the Amazon. Less