Studies on New World leishmaniasis and its transmission

在本研究中，对美国皮肤和粘膜皮肤利什曼病进行了检查。所获得的结果概括如下：1.病媒和寄生虫的关系：在厄瓜多尔朱曼利什曼病流行的八个省，采集了血吸虫沙蝇的样本。共采集到40种，其中至少11种为中国新记录。这一记录使厄瓜多尔的沙蝇种类增加到56种。在我国，到目前为止，已有3种沙蝇被记录为利什曼原虫媒介，分别为斑潜蝇属、斑潜蝇属、哈特曼尼属和戈麦斯属。在本研究中，Lu。来自安第斯高原的雅库琴被发现对寄生虫呈阳性。每月检查自然感染利什曼原虫和沙蝇叮咬活动情况。在安第斯利什曼病流行区波特省进行了雅古氏吸血试验。结果表明，…的自然感染和叮咬活动都有明显的月度变化。S在该地区较多，提示雨季传播强度较高。宿主研究：在不同的人类利什曼病流行地区，对194只野生和家养动物进行肝脏穿刺术检查，其中14或7.2%的动物原虫阳性。一种来自安第斯家犬的菌株被鉴定为Le pifanoi，但其多发性仍无法识别。高原利什曼病与高原利什曼病比较：即使在疾病初期，高原利什曼病患者的皮肤表现也比低地利什曼患者轻。病原利什曼原虫特征：从太平洋沿岸和亚马孙低地患者中分离到18株利什曼原虫，从安第斯高原分离到11株利什曼原虫。通过血清学、酵母学和裂殖学分析，对这些菌株进行了精确的鉴定。在安第斯山脉地区。Pifanoi被发现，而在太平洋沿岸的Le Panamensis和Le。Amazon和Le流行较多。在亚马逊的布拉兹利山。较少

In the present study, American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows.1. Vector and parasite relationships: in eight Departments of Ecuador where juman leishmaniases are endemic, the phleboto mine sand fly was sampled. A total of 40 species was collected, of which at least 11 represented new records for the country. This record increased the number of sand fly species of Ecuador to 56. In the country, three sand fly species of the genus Lutzomyia, trapidoi, hartmanni and gomezi, hitherto, had been recorded as Leishmania-vectors. In the present study, Lu. ayacuchensis from Andean plateau was found to be positive for the parasite. Monthly examination of the natural infection with Leishmania and the biting activity of the sand fly, Lu. ayacuchensis was performed in Andean leishmaniasis-endemic area, Paute. The results revealed that there is a marked monthly variation in both natural infections and biting activity, of the flie … More s in the area suggesting a high transmission intensity during the rainy season.2. Reservoir host research: In distinct human leishmaniasis-endemic areas, 194 wild and domestic animals were examined, by performing liver punctures, of which 14 or 7.2% were positive for protozoans. A strain from Andean domestic dogs was identified as Le pifanoi but the mojority still remained unidentifiable.3. Comparison of lowland and highland leishmaniasis: Cutaneous manifestations of highland leishmaniasis patients are mild compared to those of lowland patients even in the initial phase of the disease.4. Features of causative agent, Leishmania spp.: 18 Leishmania strains from the Pacific coast and Amazonian lowland patients and 11 from Andean highland were isolated. These isolates were precisely characterized employing serodeme, zymodeme and schizodeme analysis. In the Andes area Le. pifanoi was found, while in the Pacific coast Le panamensis and Le. amazonensis were prevalent and Le. braziliensis, in the Amazon. Less