Cooperative Research in the Field of Plant Bioscience Between Japan and Foreign Countries, Especially European Countries and USA

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Cooperative research between Japan and foreign countries, especially U.S.A. and European countries, was carried out in plant bioscience field.1. On transformation : Several transformation methods for higher plants have already been developed and some successful results have been reported in model plants. However, only limited number of reports are available on transformation of agriculturally important plants. Therefore, cooperative research was carried out on the transformation of potato and sweet potato. Our results showed that Ri plasmid was an adequate vector for introducing foreign genes such as kanamycine resistant and GUS genes. Studies on transformation of Streptocarpus, an important material for investigating flower bud differentiation, has been continued.2. On glycoproteins : A carrot secretory glycoprotein GP57 isolated by Tsukuba group was compared with a similar glycoprotein isolated in Wageningen Agricultural University. The expression pattern of the both glycoproteins is comparable, but antiserum for GP57 did not react to the another. The gene expression of GP57 was examined in FMI of Switzerland. The result showed that GP57 gene expression was wound-inducible and thought to have a physiological function in defense mechanism.3. On control mechanism of gene expression : Expression of agropine synthase gene which was identified on T-DNA of Ti plasmid was controlled by the promoter region of the gene and showed a specificity related to cell division. Homology search on nucleotide sequence among various T-DNA genes was carried out in Leiden University and showed no homology among them.4. On secondary metabolites : Production of some secondary metabolites is related to tissue and organ differentiation. Tropane alkaloid production was directly related to root differentiation. Detailed examination on synthetic pathway of secondary metabolites was carried out in cooperation and some new results were obtained.