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Formation of Postwar Political System

战后政治制度的形成

基本信息

批准号：
02301078
负责人：
MURAMATSU Michio
金额：
$ 5.76万
依托单位：
Kyoto Univeristy
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This project concerning postwar Japanese politics has mainly focused on the politics of the 1950s, "the 10 years after the Occupation period". In contrast either to the Occupational period and the 1960s, the 1950s has been neglected by Japanese political scientists for a long time, Futhermore, the earlier works on the 1950s have two important weaknesses. First, these works are preoccupied with the political cleavages during the start of the postwar period and the Cold War without taking account of economic developments such as the creation of the postwar international trading system. Second, these works are generally within the research area of the the politics of conflict, whereas, actually behind the politics of conflict, politics of compromise was underway.Our findings are as follows. First, we have found the process of postwar settlement between the conservatives, the LDP and the left, the JSP (JSDP), to have emerged already in the 1950's in the same way as in postwar settlement emerged in the European countries. Evidence of this settlement can abe seen in taxation and industrial policy. Second, we have found evidence of independent diplomatic policy making during the Hatoyama and Kishi administrations under the framework of the American hegemonic international system. For instance, Kishi tried to initiatae a new partnership with the countries in South East Asian. Third, we propose, as a result of our research, a revisionist view of the so called" reverse course" reform. We argue that the second postwar freform after the Occupation was not merely a centralizing reform or reactionary attempt to revert to prewar times, but that it was a Diet centered democratic reform.

本课题主要研究战后日本政治，以“占领后10年”的50年代为中心。与占领时期和1960年代相比，1950年代长期以来一直被日本政治学家所忽视，但是，早期关于1950年代的著作有两个重要的弱点。首先，这些著作关注的是战后初期和冷战时期的政治分裂，而没有考虑到战后国际贸易体系的建立等经济发展。第二，这些作品一般都是在冲突政治的研究范围内，而实际上，在冲突政治的背后，妥协政治正在进行。首先，我们发现，保守派、自民党和左派、日本社会民主党（JSDP）之间的战后和解进程，在20世纪50年代就已经出现，与欧洲各国的战后和解进程一样。这种解决的证据可以在税收和产业政策中看到。第二，我们发现鸠山和岸信介政府在美国霸权国际体系框架下独立制定外交政策的证据。例如，岸信介试图与东南亚国家建立新的伙伴关系。第三，通过研究，我们提出了所谓”逆向”改革的修正主义观点。我们认为，占领后的第二次自由运动不仅仅是一次中央集权的改革或恢复战前时代的反动企图，而是一次以国会为中心的民主改革。