Studies on the Relationship between the Domestic and International Aspects of Changing Modes of Regulation under the Declining Key Country

本课题的目的是分析20世纪70年代末发达国家出现的新的“监管模式”。本研究使用的视角来自法国的监管方法。根据山田俊夫(报告第一章)的说法，这种方法表明：二战后的扩张是典型的福特主义(大规模生产-大规模消费)，福特主义在20世纪70年代中期受到侵蚀；自20世纪70年代末以来，三种不同类型的新监管模式(即北美、欧共体和日本)开始出现。利用这一方法，我们试图确定新的监管模式的特点。首先，对国内方面进行了分析。平野康郎(第二章)考察了资本-劳动关系与战后日本经济增长模式之间的关系。他指出，在股份制经济中，就业保障优先于工资调整。基于共享经济与消费…的相关成长由于更多的消费需求，日本在快速增长时期实现了福迪斯特式的扩张，并在20世纪70年代免受油价冲击的影响。柴田武夫(第三章)考察了美国S和L破产的过程。他认为，20世纪70年代的冲击和高利率严重影响了美国的S和L。当美国政府通过进一步放松金融市场监管来应对S和L危机时，这一尝试失败了。从这一观察中，柴田认为美国的市场化监管模式存在问题。第二，对新监管模式的国际层面进行了调查。中尾茂雄(第4章)考察了一个金融现象：日元的全球化。与之前的英镑和美元等关键货币相比，日元的全球化仅限于东京市场的简单扩张，而没有相应地扩大使用日元的国际结算。然而，如果把国际体系作为一个整体来看，据成义伟(第五章)说，世界经济三方体系(北美、欧共体和东亚)已经出现，尽管日元全球化受到限制，但日本的生产体系和产业结构在这个体系中的竞争优势已经显现出来。但是，监管模式将与三方世界体系联系在一起，不同于战后观察到的单一关键国家体系。较少

The purpose of this project is to analyze the new "mode of regulation" in the advanced countries which emerged in the late 1970s. The perspective used in this study has been from the French regulation approach. According to Toshio Yamada (chapter 1 of the report), this approach suggests that: the post WWII expansion was typically Fordism (mass production-mass consumption), and Fordism was eroded in the mid-1970s; and, since the late 1970s, three different types of new modes of regulation (i.e., North American, EC, and Japanese) have begun to appear. Using this approach, we have tried to identify the characteristics of the new modes of regulation. First, the domestic aspects have been analyzed. Yasuro Hirano (chapter 2) examines the relationship between the capital-labor relations and the growth pattern of the postwar Japanese economy. He identifies the share-economy in which employment security take priority over wage adjustments. Based on the share-economy and related growth of consum … More ption demand, Japan achieved a Fordist expansion in the rapid growth period, and was immune to oil price shocks in the 1970s. Takeo Shibata (chapter 3) investigates the process of the S & L failures in the U.S. He argues that the shocks and high interest in the 1970s severely affected the S & L in the U.S. While the U.S. government responded to the S & L crisis by further de-regulation of the financial market, this attempt failed. From this observation, Shibata suggests that the market-oriented mode of regulation in the U.S. is problematic.Second, international aspects of the new modes of regulation have been investigated. Shigeo Nakao (chapter 4) examines a financial phenomenon: the globalization of Japanese yen. Compared with preceding cases of key currencies, i.e., pound sterling and U.S. dollar, the globalization of the yen has been restricted to the simple expansion of the Tokyo market without a corresponding expansion of international settlements using Japanese yen. However, if we look at the international system as a whole, according to Shigehiro Naruse (chapter 5), a tripartite system of the world economy (North America, EC, and East Asia) has emerged, and the competitive edge of the Japanese production system and industrial structure in this system has become evident, even though the globalization of Japanese yen has been limited.To conclude, the new modes of regulation are yet to be fully fledged. But, the modes of regulation would associate with the tripartite world system, and they are different from single key-country system as was observed in the postwar period. Less