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Survey of the incidence, pathology and preventive study on lead poisoning in wild geese

大雁铅中毒发病概况、病理及预防研究

基本信息

批准号：
02306017
负责人：
ITAKURA Chitoshi
金额：
--
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02306017/
关键词：
Lead poisoning Wild waterfowl Lead pellet Radiograph Ca-EDTA Lead concentration Swan Goose 水島赤血球ALAーα 鉛脳症

项目摘要

We necropsied 121 wild waterfowls including swans and geese during a period from 1989 to 1992. Out of them, subacute lead poisoning due to ingestion of spent lead shots occurred in 19 birds in 1989, 47 individuals in 1990 and 3 ones in 1991. Most of them died at a lake, one of heavily hunted areas, in Hokkaido. Two birds with lead poisoning died at another lakes located in Hokkaido and the main land in Japan. Thus, this survey showed that lead poisoning is spread over in many areas of Japan.The main gross findings of this condition were bile-stained liver, edematous or gelatinous bone marrow, bile-stained lining with hyperkeratbsis and lead pellets in the-gizzard, and proventricular impaction. Histopathologically, there was lead-hemolytic jaundice of the liver, hemosidlosis in the liver and spleen, and hypoplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of polychromatic erythroblasts. Acid-fast intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in kidneys. The lead concentration of the liver ranged from 5.5 to 44.3 mg/kg wet weight in swans.Radiographs of both gizzard and proventriculus, necropsy and concentration of blood or tissue lead are available for the diagnosis of this poisoning.Treatment using CA-EDTA was effective in recovering the birds with lead poisoning, although it was not available for the severely affected cases.

1989年至1992年期间，我们对包括天鹅和鹅在内的121只野生水禽进行了尸检。其中，1989年有19只、1990年有47只、1991年有3只因摄入废铅弹而导致亚急性铅中毒。其中大多数死于北海道狩猎严重地区之一的湖中。两只铅中毒鸟类在北海道和日本本土的另一个湖泊死亡。因此，这项调查表明，铅中毒在日本许多地区广泛存在。这种情况的主要肉眼发现是肝脏被胆汁染色、骨髓水肿或胶状、胆汁染色的内壁角化过度、砂囊内有铅颗粒、以及前脑室嵌顿。组织病理学上，肝脏出现铅溶血性黄疸，肝脏和脾脏含血，骨髓发育不全，多染性成红细胞数量增多。肾脏中可见抗酸核内包涵体。天鹅肝脏的铅浓度范围为 5.5 至 44.3 毫克/千克湿重。砂囊和腺胃的放射线照片、尸检以及血液或组织铅浓度可用于诊断这种中毒。使用 CA-EDTA 治疗可以有效地恢复铅中毒的鸟类，但对于严重受影响的病例则无法使用。