Chemical Investigation of Naturally Occurring Drug Materials. Elucidation of Scientific Basis for Traditional Medicines and Exploitation of New Naturally Occurring Drugs

我们的研究项目包括：1)生药炮制的化学表征，以期发现新的生物活性物质；2)生药中活性成分的化学分析；3)具有药用价值的食品原料的科学评价；4)从海洋生物中开发新的生物活性物质。到目前为止，我们已经阐明了以下生药和海洋生物的化学成分。1.根据炮制方法的不同，地黄分为三类：生地、地黄、地黄。我们详细比较了不同炮制的地黄的化学成分(如环烯醚苷、紫罗兰素葡萄糖苷、脑苷脂、Acteoside和寡糖)，并阐明了它们的化学特征。2.甘草(甘草根)是从多种甘草根茎中提取的生药。对其化学成分(如皂苷、黄酮类、…)进行了详细分析不同植物来源的甘草根和不同炮制的甘草根)。3.从大豆中分离得到两种甘油糖脂，分别命名为大豆脑苷脂I和大豆脑苷脂II，并对其化学结构进行了鉴定。利用最新研制的液膜式仪器和人红细胞膜，发现大豆脑苷II对Ca~(2+)和Gt~(2+)具有电离层活性。4.分离得到两个新皂苷，分别命名为茶皂苷E_1和茶皂苷E_2，并鉴定了它们的结构。5.从海绵Theonella swinhoei中分离得到4个新的高效细胞毒性二聚体大环内酯化合物，命名为Swinholes A、B和C，以及具有44元环二聚二聚体内酯的异果内酯A。阐明了它们的绝对立体结构，并详细研究了它们的构效关系。6.从培养的甲藻中分离得到四种新的含有欧米伽3多不饱和脂肪酸残基的二酰基甘油糖脂I、II、III和IV，并对它们的结构进行了鉴定。较少

Our research project comprises: 1) chemical characterization of the crude drug processing in anticipation of finding new bioactive substances, 2) chemical analysis of bioactive constituents in crude drugs, 3) scientific evaluation of food materials of medicinal value, and 4) exploitation of new bioactive substances from marine organisms. So far, we have elucidated the chemical constituents of following crude drugs and marine organisms. 1. Depending upon the kind of processing method, Rehmanniae Radix (rehmannia root) is classified into three types as Sho-jio, Kan-jio, and Juku-jio. We have compared in detail the chemical constituents (e.g. iridoid, ionone glucoside, cerebroside, acteoside, and oligosaccharide) of those differently processed rehmannia roots and elucidated their chemical characteristics. 2. Glycyrrhizae Radix (licorice root) is the crude drug prepared from the root of various Glycyrrhiza spp. We have analyzed in detail the chemical constituents (e.g. saponin, flavonoid, … More phenylpropanoid) of Glycyrrhizae Radices of various botanical origins and of differently processed ones. 3. Two glycero glycolipids named soya-cerebrosides I and II were isolated from soybean and their chemical structures elucidated. By using newly developed liquid membrane-type apparatus and human erythrocyte membrane, soya-cerebroside II has been found to exhibit ionospheretic activity for Ca^<2+> ion. 4. Two new saponins named theasaponins E_1 and E_2 have been isolated and their structures elucidated. 5. Four new potent cytotoxic dimeric macrolides named swinholides A,B, and C, and isoswinholide A having dimeric dilactone with a 44-membered ring were isolated from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei. Their absolute stereostructures were elucidated and the structure-activity relationship has been studied in detail. 6. Heterosigma-glycolipids I,II,III, and IV,four new diacylglycero-glycolipids possessing omega3-polyunsaturated fatty acid residues, were isolated from the cultured raphidophycean dinoflagellate and their structures have been determined. Less