Biotechnological study to know the effects of genetic and matemal factors on craniofacial growth in mice.

为了探讨遗传和环境效应对小鼠胚胎体外植入前发育的相对贡献程度，从5个品系的近交系小鼠(DDD/QDJ、C3H/QDJ、C57BL/6J Sea、DBA/1J Sea和BALB/C Sea)的输卵管中采集了2细胞期胚胎，体外培养至囊胚囊胚期。同时计算了每个受体和每个品系的受精率和存活率。学生-纽曼-科尔斯检验表明，两种比率都存在显著的品系间差异，用于估计遗传和环境影响对胚胎植入前发育的相对重要性的方差分析表明，这两种比率的遗传决定程度较低。由此可见，环境效应在小鼠胚胎体外着床前发育中起着更为重要的作用。胚胎移植效应和宫内效应对头面部COM…产前发育的影响采用胚胎移植和头颅定位法对更多的小鼠胚胎进行了研究。将DDD品系的胚胎移植到3个品系的受体(DDD、C57BL和DBA)。移植胚胎发育的新生儿在分娩后立即进行头影测量观察。根据头颅背腹X线片上X、Y坐标的大小，计算新生儿的头面部大小。统计分析表明，移植组和未移植组之间的颅面大小存在显著的组间差异，三种受体株之间的颅面大小也存在显著的应变差异。因此，胚胎移植技术可能会延缓移植胚胎头面部复合体的产前发育，三个受体品系通过各自的宫内环境对移植胚胎颅面复合体的产前发育的贡献是不同的，这是一种产前母体效应。这些结果表明，受体的宫内环境在小鼠胚胎颅面复合体的产前发育中起着重要的作用。较少

To examine the degree of the relative contribution of genetic and environmental effects to preimplantation development of mouse embryo in vitro, two-cell stage embryos collected from oviducts of five strains of inbred mice(DDD/QDJ, C3H/ QDJ, C57BL/6J Sea,DBA/1J Sea, and BALB/C Sea) were cultivated up to the stage of expanded blasytocyst for seventy two hours. Both fertility and survival rates were calculated in each recipient and also in each strain. A Student-Newman-Keuls test for both rates showed a significant interstrain difference and an analysis of variance done to estimate the relative importance of genetic and environmental effects on the preimplantation development of embryo showed a low degree of genetic determination for both rates. It was thus possible to conclude that the environmental effect played a more important role on preimplantation development of mouse embryo in vitro.Embryo transfer effect and intra-uterine effect of dam on prenatal development of craniofacial com … More plex of mice embryos were investigated with use of embryo transfer and cephalostat. DDD strain embryos were transferred to the three strains of recipients (DDD, C57BL and DBA). The cephalometric observation of newborn offspring developed from transferred embryos was performed just after parturition. Dorso-ventral craniofacial size of newborn offspring was calculated using values of X-and Y-coordinates on dorso-ventral cephalogram. Statistical analysis showed that a significant inter-group difference in craniofacial size between transferred and non-transferred groups as well as a significant inter-strain difference among those of the three strains of recipients were observed. Thus, it was disclosed that embryo transfer technique might retard the prenatal development of craniofacial complex of transferred embryo and that the three strains of recipients contributed unequally to the prenatal development of craniofacial complex of transferred embryo through each of their intra-uterine environment as a prenatal matemal effect. These results indicated that the intra-uterine environment of recipient played an important role in the prenatal development of craniofacial complex of mice embryo. Less