Local Industries and Regional Development under the Over-concentration of Economic Activities to the Metropolitan Area

该项目的目的是调查在经济活动过度集中于东京大都市区的情况下，非大都市区的经济和社会状况。作为封闭非都市圈的典型案例，我们选择了长野县饭田地区。我们深入研究了饭田的水木产业（包括水木和用于婚礼和其他仪式的纸制品）。水木产业诞生于江户时代的饭田，并发展成为一种地方性产业。水木和纸制品都需要手工制作，而IIda地区是生产水木和纸制品的合适地点，因为那里有大量的边际劳动力。mizuhiki产业的规模并不广泛，但由于其产品是为国内消费而生产的，对其需求是恒定的，因此对稳定区域经济做出了贡献。但是，20世纪80年代以来，经济活动向东京都市圈的过度集中使得非都市圈的劳动力短缺问题加剧。它破坏了IIda当地工业的社会基础，尤其是mizuhiki工业。为了维持社区的稳定，需要对饭田当地的工业进行重组。mizuhiki产业要实现结构调整，1)必须成为以设计为导向的产业，2)必须利用国际分工，3)必须培养人才，特别是设计师和工匠。*红白或金银相间的纸戒指。我们包装礼物时用的是水木，婚礼上用的是水木制成的纸制品。

The Purpose of the project is to investigate the economic and social conditions of non-metropolitan areas under the over-concentration of economic activities to Tokyo Metropolitan Area. As an typical case of a closed non-metropolitan area, we choose Iida region of Nagano Prefecture. We researched intensively on mizuhiki industry (consisted of mizuhiki^* and paper products used for wedding and other ceremonies) in Iida. Mizuhiki industry was born in Iida in the Edo period, and have grown as a localized industry. Handwork is required to make mizuhiki and paper products, and IIda region have been suitable place to manufacture them, for large marginal labor force existed there. The scale of mizuhiki industry is not so extensive, but it contributes to stabilize the regional economy, as the products are made for home consumption and the demand for them is constant. But, in 1980's, the over-concentration of economic activities to Tokyo Metropolitan Area made labor shortage of the non-metropolitan areas intensified. It undermined the social base of local industries in IIda, especially of mizuhiki industry. To maintain the stable community, restructuring of Iida's local industries is needed. To restructure mizuhiki industry, 1) it must become design-oriented industry, 2) it must utilize international division of labor, and 3) it must cultivate talent, especially designers and craftsmen.* Paper sirings colored red-and-white or gold-and-silver. Mizuhiki is used when we wrap gifts, and paper products made of mizuhiki is used in wedding ceremony.