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Comparative Study Concerning the Practice and Legislative Reform of the System of Administrative Remedies in Japan and Germany

日德行政救济制度实践与立法改革比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
02620007
负责人：
KISA Shigeo
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02620007/
关键词：
Administrative remedy Germany Legal aspect in policy-making Rule of law Local government Social court procedurs act State attorney Court 行政争訟法の支配公務員研修

项目摘要

In 1990 and 1991, in order to explore the conditions necessary for the more effective functioning of Japan's system of administrative remedies, I conducted both questionnaire and field surverys concerning the actual state of the rule of law in Japan and Germany. Over those two years, I conducted research at as many as sixty institutions of various types in Germany, including universities, courts, think tanks, administrative organs and political parties policy institutions. Based upon comparison with the results of surveys undertaken in Japan, it became clear that there are extreme differences in the current state of the rule of law, and conceptions thereof, in both countries.One of the reasons for these differences may lie in the special characteristics, which have been noted by some observers, of Japan's legal consciousness generally. It was my observation, however, that there are more fundamental causes related specifically to the system of administrative relief. In particular, syste … More ms and practice in Japan with respect to the education and training of public servants, administrative review of complaints, the management of administrative documents, and the rendering of decisions in the bureaucracy are considerably different from those of the advanced nations of Europe and Amecica.Within the framework of this topic, I also carried out a comprehensivehistorical study of the development of Garmay's system of administrative remedies over the previous several decades.Over the course of this research I visited an extremely large number of institutions and collected a correspondingly large quantity of material, to the extent that it was not possible to complete a full analysis during the allotted two year period. As my comparative study of Germany proceeded, it became necessary also to make comparisons with the systems of administrative remedies of other advanced nations, particularly Japan's Asian neighbors. This also served to delay this research project.In 1994, however, as one result of described research, I wrote a scholarly article which is a comprehensive overview of this area entitled, "The Japanese System of Administrative Remedies : Its Current State and Directions for Reform". The scope of the article extends to the situations in other Asian nations, while focussing upon the critical state of Japan's system of administrative remedies and its causes, and offering comprehensive suggestions for its reform and improvement. I plan to continue comparative study between Japan and Germany with respect these topics in future. Less

1990年和1991年，为了探讨日本行政救济制度更有效地发挥作用所需的条件，我对日本和德国的法治现状进行了问卷调查和实地调查。在这两年里，我在德国的大学、法院、智库、行政机关和政党政策机构等多达60个不同类型的机构进行了研究。通过与日本国内的调查结果进行比较，可以看出两国的法治现状和法治观念存在着极大的差异，其中一个原因可能是日本的法律的意识具有某些观察家所指出的特殊性。然而，我的观察是，还有一些更根本的原因与行政救济制度具体有关。特别是， ...更多信息日本在公务员的教育和培训、申诉的行政审查、行政文件的管理以及官僚机构的决策等方面的制度和实践与欧美发达国家有很大的不同。我还对Garmay的行政救济制度在过去几十年的发展进行了全面的历史研究。在研究过程中，我访问了一个极其重要的国家，在这方面，委员会对许多机构进行了调查，并收集了相应的大量材料，以至于在规定的两年时间内无法完成全面分析。在对德国进行比较研究的同时，也有必要与其他发达国家，特别是日本的亚洲邻国的行政救济制度进行比较。然而，作为上述研究的一个结果，我在1994年撰写了一篇学术文章，题为“日本的行政救济制度：现状和改革方向”，对这一领域进行了全面的概述。本文的研究范围涉及亚洲其他国家的情况，重点分析了日本行政救济制度的危机状况及其原因，并对日本行政救济制度的改革和完善提出了全面的建议。我计划今后继续就这些课题对日本和德国进行比较研究。少