The legal education for the base of judicial reform and the role of public law curriculums

目前，在日本，要求司法改革的声音随处可见。然而，为了使这种改革取得成功，我认为必须提高日本人的法律意识。否则，旧的谈判方法，如建立基础或一致开放协议，将继续使用，实际上破坏了真正的改革。有鉴于此，两年前，我确定了研究的目标，即如何加强日本的法律教育。我曾两次访问德国，实地观察职业学校的法律学习班，与地方政府负责法律教育的官员交流意见。此外，我在德国会见了许多其他在法律教育第一线工作的人，包括法律体育馆副校长、法律学者和关心法律教育的公民，以了解他们对法律教育的看法。这些机会帮助我拓宽和深化了我对这些问题的思考。I…莫尔对两国的教育制度和法律教科书进行了比较。这种比较显示，日本的法律教育制度在时间和质素上均严重不足。不过，我认为同样的不足之处，亦显示我们必须采取措施改善制度。我建议的其中一项改善措施，是与德国一样，为法律教育订立书面指引。我已经获得了在德国使用的指南和文献样本。在日本，整体教育已经放松了一段时间，教学时间缩短，课程减少。它被描述为“教育的放松”。即使在大学层面上，也要求更多地强调学习的实用方面。然而，对于这种实践教育的实施效率如何，没有多少日本人有明确的想法。例如，大学实际用于教授公法的教科书并没有解释如何在真实的环境中创建和实施公法。有鉴于此，我认为，除了招聘新的教授外，如何创作合适的教科书和开发新的课程，将是改善日本法律教育的下一步。较少

Currently in Japan voices demanding judicial reform can be heard everywhere. In order to make such reform successful, however, I believe that enhancement of legal consciousness among Japanese has to be achieved.Otherwise the old methods of negotiation such as ground-making or unanimous open agreement will be used continuously that, in effect, undermine the real reform. Considering this, two years ago, I have set the goal of my studies to find what had to be done to enhance the legal education in Japan.I have visited Germany two times to observe the actual legal-study classes in vocational schools, exchanged views with the officials in charge of law education in the local governments. Further, I met many other people in Germany who were working at the front line of legal education including the Deputy Principle of The Law Gymnasium, law scholars and concerned citizens to learn their views on legal education. These opportunities helped me broaden and deepen my thinking about the issues.I … More made a comparison of the education systems and the law textbooks between the two countries. Such comparison suggests the serious insufficiency, both time and quality wise, in the Japanese legal education system.Neverthless, I would say that the same insufficiency indicates what has to be done to improve the system.One improvement I recommend is, like Germany, to create written Guidelines for Legal Education. I have obtained sample guidelines and literature used in Germany. In Japan, overall education has been loosened for some time; teaching time has been shortened, and curriculums were decreased. It has been characterized as the "relaxation of education". Even at the university level, emphasis on more the practical side of learning isdemanded. Yet, not many Japanese have a clear idea about how efficiently such practical education could be implemented. For example, the textbooks actually being used in universities to teach public law do not explain how to create and implement public law in a real setting.Given the above, I believe that to figure out how to create proper textbooks and develop new curriculums, in addition to recruiting a new bred of professors will be the next step to be taken to improve legal education in Japan. Less