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THE STUDY OF MANGANESE OXIDIZING BACTERIA

锰氧化细菌的研究

基本信息

批准号：
02640457
负责人：
SATO Yoshio
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
SCHOOL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TOKAI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The importance of microbial oxidation of manganese reported in diverse environments : soils, lakes and oceans. However, genera, characteristics and distribution of manganese oxidizing bacteria in marine environments are little known. In this report, the distribution pattern, morphological characteristics of colonies and genera of manganese oxidizing bacteria in marine environments were examined. The relation between the distribution of chemical elements and that of manganese bacteria were also investigated in sea water and sediments.The number of manganese oxidizing bacteria decreases from the coasts to offshore regions which corresponds to the distribution of dissolved manganese and manganese oxide particles in sea water. The vertical distribution pattern of manganese oxidizing bacteria in water column indicates that they live in surface and bottom-water. Although manganese oxidizing bacteria in some sediments were abundant in the oxic layer, they were limited to the sediments in which oxic diagenesis occurs or upward migration of Mn^<2+> through pore water is active as a result of anoxic diagenesis in the deeper layer.Dominant genera of manganese oxidizing bacteria found in marine environments are Pseudomonas. Vibrio, Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Alcaligenes and Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes and Bacillus among them, show strong manganese oxidizing activity and their activity can be visually deter-mined on K medium by brown precipitates in their colonies.The oxidation rate constant of manganses by microbial mediation in seawater was about 2X10^<21>mol^<-4>l^4d^<-1>, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that obtained in Saanich lnlet and three orders of magnitude larger than that measured inorganically in the laboratory.

锰的微生物氧化的重要性在不同的环境：土壤，湖泊和海洋。然而，对海洋环境中锰氧化细菌的种类、特征和分布却知之甚少。本文研究了海洋环境中锰氧化细菌的分布格局、菌落形态特征和属的分布。研究了海水和沉积物中化学元素的分布与锰细菌分布的关系，锰氧化细菌的数量从海岸到近海逐渐减少，这与海水中溶解态锰和锰氧化物颗粒的分布相对应。锰氧化细菌在水体中的垂直分布格局表明，它们生活在表层和底层水中。虽然锰氧化细菌在某些沉积物中的好氧层中含量丰富，但仅限于发生好氧成岩作用或由于深层缺氧成岩作用，Mn^2+通过孔隙水向上迁移活跃的沉积物中，海洋环境中锰氧化细菌的优势属为假单胞菌属。其中弧菌属、气单胞菌属、黄杆菌属、微球菌属、产碱杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、弧菌属、气单胞菌属、产碱杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属具有较强的锰氧化活性，在K培养基上菌落中可见棕色沉淀物，其氧化速率常数约为2 × 10 ~（-1）<21>mol·<-4>l ~（-4）d ~（-1<-1>），比Saanich的结果小两个数量级Inlet和三个数量级大于在实验室中无机测量。