Research on social needs and characteristics of community care system in high-aged rural society

高龄农村的社会和产业资源已经枯竭。在这些社会中，公共社区护理体系的子系统变得非常重要，它由三个层次的单位组成。一是大家庭的功能。它是生活在高地农村的老年父母和他们在其他城镇的孩子之间的工作。他们支持自己的生活，满足彼此的生活需求。互帮互助的社会规范必须与公共社区养老体系相联系。第二，私人养老体系在社区中的作用。邻居和亲戚已经进行了这项工作。尽管如此，它在农村社会中仍扮演着广泛而普遍的安全网的重要角色。这个安全网是一个防止脱离正常社区生活的安全网。三是各种私人团体和组织采取的自助、自愿支持、慈善制度的功能。这一功能和活动的发挥和力度有赖于居民的福利意识和公共社区支持体系的成熟。高地农村社区养老保障体系具有较大的差异性，以社区社会福利需求为特征，以居民自主性为条件。因此，将传统的共同纽带和社区工作转变为新的个体合作，将有限的社会资源和充足的社会资本投入到重叠的社会支持活动和农村高龄社区的重建中，具有重要的意义。考虑到居民对社区照顾的态度和能力，必须区分私人和公共的支持功能，明确社区照顾子系统的作用和工作在高龄农村发展社区照顾制度。居民的意识必须从公私分开的观念转变为对公私部门和居民之间新的合作的兴趣。

Social and industrial resources have been exhausted in high-aged rural villages. In these societies, sub-system of public community care system has become very important It consists of triple stratified units.First is the function of extended family. It works between old parents living in high land rural village and their children in other towns. They support their lives and meet life needs each other. Social norm to be helping each other must be related to public community care system.Second is the function of private support system in community. It has been carried out by neighbors and the relatives. Still it takes important role as a wide and universal safety-net in rural society. This safety-net is a prevention of dropping out from normal community life.Third is the function of self-help, voluntary support, philanthropy system taken by various private groups and organizations. Revel and strength of this function and their activities depend on welfare consciousness of inhabitants and maturity of public community support system. There is much difference in it between high land rural villages.This sub-system of public community care system is characterized by social welfare needs in community and conditioned by independency of inhabitants. Therefore it is important to transfer the traditional common tie and work in community to new individual collaboration, and to take limited social resources and plenty social capital into overlapped social support activities and re-construction of high aged rural community. Making allowances for inhabitant's attitudes to community care and capacity, it has to distinct the private support function from the public and to define a role and work of community care sub-system Developing the community care system in high-aged rural village it is necessary to change over inhabitant's consciousness from an idea of public-private separation system to an interest in new collaboration among public and private sector and inhabitants.