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A Study of Development, Distribution and Management for Water resources in Northern and Southern China

我国南北水资源开发、分配与管理研究

基本信息

批准号：
03041043
负责人：
TAKASAO Takuma
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03041043/
关键词：
China Hong kong water resources development water resources distribution water resources management water environment hydrological prediction reservoir operation

项目摘要

The aim of this study is to investigate the hydrological characteristics such as precipitation, evaporation and run of discharge and systematic characteristics for water usage, treatment, flood and drought in Luanhe, Haihe, Pearl river basin and Hong Kong district.In October 1991, we visit Department of Water Resources Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Research in Beijing to discuss the recent problems of water resources in Haihe river basin. Then, in Hong Kong, we had a meeting with professors of Hong Kong University on water demand and supply balance in such a small district with a large population. In March 1992, we had a second meeting at same institute to discuss the special topics of rainfall prediction and reservoir operation for flood. Through these two trips, the following results were gained,1. We understood the general problems of water resources planning in ChinaOne of them is to solve the unbalance between water supply and demand in Northern China and another is to prevent the rapid increase of water demand over water supply in Southern China.2. Operational problems of water management system were discussed from the view pont of natural science and economy. Because of long time lag from rainfall to run of discharge, the operator needs only monitoring information on rainfall and water height in river channel. In future, rainfall prediction in short-time and discharge prediction in long-term will become more important for water development.3. In Northern China, the land subsidence is getting serious problem caused by pumping up the industrial and irrigation water. We proposed the rational planning procedure of water resources through optimal network of gauging stations of rainfall and ground water. More detail investigation is requested for land and water resources development.In Hong Kong, the ocean pollutant will become the environmental problem.

本文研究了滦河、海河、珠江流域和香港地区的降水、蒸发、流量等水文特征和用水、处理、水旱灾害的系统特征。我们访问了北京市水利水电科学研究院水资源研究部，讨论了最近的水资源问题在海河流域。然后，在香港，我们与香港大学的教授会面，讨论了这样一个人口众多的小区的水资源供需平衡问题。1992年3月，我们在同一研究所举行了第二次会议，讨论降雨预报和水库洪水调度的专题。通过这两次考察，取得了如下成果：1.我们了解了中国水资源规划的一般性问题，一是解决北方水资源供需矛盾，二是防止南方水资源需求增长过快.从自然科学和经济学的角度探讨了水管理系统的运行问题。由于降雨量与流量运行之间存在较长的时滞，操作人员只需监测降雨量和河道水位信息。未来，降雨量的短期预报和流量的长期预报将成为水利开发的重要内容.在我国北方地区，由于大量抽取工业用水和灌溉用水而引起的地面沉降问题日益严重。提出了通过优化雨量站网和地下水站网进行水资源合理规划的方法。香港的土地及水资源发展需要更详细的调查，海洋污染物将成为香港的环境问题。