A Study of Development, Distribution and Management for Water resources in Northern and Southern China

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The aim of this study is to investigate the hydrological characteristics such as precipitation, evaporation and run of discharge and systematic characteristics for water usage, treatment, flood and drought in Luanhe, Haihe, Pearl river basin and Hong Kong district.In October 1991, we visit Department of Water Resources Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Research in Beijing to discuss the recent problems of water resources in Haihe river basin. Then, in Hong Kong, we had a meeting with professors of Hong Kong University on water demand and supply balance in such a small district with a large population. In March 1992, we had a second meeting at same institute to discuss the special topics of rainfall prediction and reservoir operation for flood. Through these two trips, the following results were gained,1. We understood the general problems of water resources planning in ChinaOne of them is to solve the unbalance between water supply and demand in Northern China and another is to prevent the rapid increase of water demand over water supply in Southern China.2. Operational problems of water management system were discussed from the view pont of natural science and economy. Because of long time lag from rainfall to run of discharge, the operator needs only monitoring information on rainfall and water height in river channel. In future, rainfall prediction in short-time and discharge prediction in long-term will become more important for water development.3. In Northern China, the land subsidence is getting serious problem caused by pumping up the industrial and irrigation water. We proposed the rational planning procedure of water resources through optimal network of gauging stations of rainfall and ground water. More detail investigation is requested for land and water resources development.In Hong Kong, the ocean pollutant will become the environmental problem.