Corpus linguistics and diachronic syntax: Subject case, finiteness and agreement in Slavonic languages

语料库语言学和历时语法：斯拉夫语言中的主题、有限性和一致性

• 批准号: 52445734
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ernst Hansack
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Slavistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/52445734?language=en
• 关键词: Corpus; linguistics; diachronic; syntax; Subject

The occurrence of nominative case on the subject and the agreement with a finite verb are so closely connected in many languages that their correlation has often been hard-wired into syntactic analyses. No only in Slavonic languages, however, are there phenomena which deviate from this standard pattern and, therefore, are particularly telling for accounts of subject properties and the theory of case licensing. The present grant proposal aims at elucidating the rise and development of such non-canonical ("peripheral") instances of subject case in the history of Slavonic languages. To this end, recent corpus-linguistic methods shall be applied and advanced. The proposal ties in with the first funding period of the project, which primarily treated the overt vs. null realization of subjects, and, secondarily, also so-called dative subjects. Departing from the latter, the complex area of subject case and finiteness shall now be fully examined. Consequently, coverage of the grammaticalization of all important superficial properties of subjects in Slavonic languages would be achieved. Relevant phenomena, first of all, concern nominative arguments with deficient or missing finiteness marking on the verb: nominatives with the infinitive in Czech, as well as historically and dialectally in (North) Russian; nominative arguments with passive participles (resultatives), partly or fully neutralized for agreement in Old and Middle Russian, and the respective developments in Polish and Ukrainian. Secondly, the project shall address non-nominative (quirky case) subjects in Russian and Bosnian / Croatian / Serbian (BCS). Since quirky subjects also regularly occur in constructions of the former kind, both groups must be analyzed jointly. Common earlier analyses which assigned object status to the nominative argument shall be scrutinized on theoretical and emipirical grounds. The linguistic base of comparison shall be expanded to include Ukrainian and BCS, which display phenomena highly relevant to the project topic, in their resultative and modal constructions, respectively. The necessary diachronic corpora with relevant annotations can be supplied due to already existing ressources and the expertise gained in the first funding period. The proposal promises contributions to Slavonic and general linguistic research on subject properties, finiteness and agreement, modality and passive, primarily in the diachronic realm. By realizing digitised annotated sources (corpora) with public online access and by consequently applying quantitative techniques, the project furthermore strives for methodological headway in diachronic linguistics in the Slavonic languages and beyond.

在许多语言中，主语主格的出现和与限定动词的一致是如此紧密地联系在一起，以至于它们的相关性往往被固定在句法分析中。然而，不仅在斯拉夫语中，存在着背离这一标准模式的现象，因此，对主体属性和案例许可理论的描述尤其具有说服力。目前的拨款建议旨在阐明斯拉夫语历史上这种非典范(“外围”)主题格实例的兴起和发展。为此，应应用和改进最新的语料库语言学方法。该提案与该项目的第一个资助期相联系，该资助期主要处理主题的公开实现与无效实现，其次也处理所谓的与格主题。从后者出发，现在将全面考察主题格和有限性的复杂领域。因此，将实现对斯拉夫语主语所有重要表面属性的语法化的报道。首先，相关现象涉及动词上有不足或缺失限定标记的主位论元：捷克语中带有不定式的主位论元，以及(北)俄语中历史和方言上的主位论元；古俄语和中古俄语中为达成一致而部分或完全中和的主位论元，以及波兰语和乌克兰语中各自的发展。其次，该项目将处理俄语和波斯尼亚语/克罗地亚语/塞尔维亚语(BCS)中的非主格(古怪大小写)主题。由于古怪的主题也经常出现在前一种结构中，因此必须联合分析这两组人。将宾语地位赋予主格论元的常见早期分析应从理论和经验两个方面进行仔细审查。比较的语言基础应扩大到包括乌克兰语和BCS，这两种语言在动结式和情态结构中分别显示了与项目主题高度相关的现象。由于现有的资源来源和在第一个供资期间获得的专门知识，可以提供必要的历时语料库和相关注释。该提案承诺对斯拉夫语和一般语言学关于主语属性、限定性和协同性、情态和被动的研究做出贡献，主要是在历时领域。通过实现公众在线访问的数字化注释资料(语料库)，并随后应用量化技术，该项目进一步争取在斯拉夫语和其他语言的历时语言学方法方面取得进展。