Structural Changes of Urban Systems in Japan

这项研究的目的是阐明日本国家、区域和日常城市体系中每一级城市最近的变化。20世纪70年代发生在西方国家的S反城市化现象，虽然没有揭示其原因，但通过对城市人口变化和城市迁移的分析，日本并不能认识到这一现象。人口和更高层次的城市功能向东京都圈的集聚在1985年后仍在继续，与前一时期一样。城市等级制度越来越发达。东京都市圈在三大都市圈中的顺序度更高。特别是在商业服务功能方面，城市规模的差距更加明显。在对东北地区和北海道分支机构分布的研究中，确认仙台和札幌市在分支机构集聚的基础上正在加强其作为区域首府的地位。与此同时，由于仙台总公司的分支机构的推进，各县首府与仙台的联系变得更加密切。城市体系的结构性变化也表现为非大都市区通勤区的扩张和重叠。因此，在广岛市附近也可以看到山村的巨大变化。产业结构调整体现在大都市的区域结构上。名古屋的城市结构出现了明显的新趋势。在大阪大都市区，人们注意到郊区的新节点正在独立于中心城市发展。

The aim of this study is to clarify the recent changes of cities of each order in national, regional and daily urban systems of Japan. The counterurbanization which occurred in the 1970's in Western countries cannot be recognized in Japan by analyzing the population changes and migration of cities, although the causes are not brought light. The concentration of population and urban functions of higher order to Tokyo metropolitan area also continues still after 1985 as well as the previous period. The urban hierarchy is more and more developing. And the order of Tokyo metropolitan area becomes higher in three metropolitan areas. Especially in the function of business services the disparity of city size has become more evident. In the studies of the distribution of branch offices in Tohoku district and Hokkaido it was affirmed that Sendai as well as Sapporo are strengthening their position as a regional capital based on the agglomeration of branch offices. At the same time, prefectural capitals become more clothly connected with Sendai by the advance of branch offices from head offices in Sendai. The structural changes of urban systems also are in apperance as the expanding and overlapping commuting areas in nonmetropolitan regions. As a result the great changes of mountain villages can be seen in the vicinity of Hiroshima city as well. The restructuring of industries is reflected in the regional structure of metropolitan cities. In Nagoya the new tendency of urban structure has been found evidently. In Osaka metropolitan area it is noticed that new nodal points in suburban areas are developing independently from the central city.