Reconstitution and Systematization of Special Subject Matters and of Education of Special Subject Matters

采用问卷调查的方法，对1991-1993年近万名中小学教师的观念构成进行了研究。通过简单汇总和交叉分析，对大学调查数据进行了分析。分析的结果显示了各专题的特点和没有自有科目的教师的观念。对小学和初中教师进行访谈，以确认调查结果。访谈内容包括教师对小学特殊科目和新科目的看法，即“生活科目”，这是一门理科和社会科学相结合的学科。采用问卷调查的方法，对1992-1993年美国小学教师的观念构成进行了研究。对收集到的数据进行了分析和对比研究，比较了日美两国教师在科学和数学两个方面在专题数据上的差异。通过对从美国回国的儿童的调查，对两国的教育进行了比较，研究了科学教育。教育课程是通过日语教育、国语教育，即日语识字和文学来研究的。并对高校教育系教师培训课程设置进行了分析。对美国语言教育的历史发展也进行了研究。当明治时代的靖国小学将理科从特殊科目中取消，改为在语言教育中教授时，语言教育中又教授了什么样的科学内容，这也是历史上的研究。这些研究提供了许多关于特定主题的新知识。

Constitution of idea has been studied through questionnaire surveys to arround 10,000 teachers at elementary and junior high schools from 1991 to 1993. College data from surveys has been analyzed by simple aggregation and cross analysis. The results of analyzes show charactor of each special subject matter and idea of teachers who have not own subject. Elementary and junior high school teachers had interviews to be confirmed the results of surveys. Contents of interview were teacher's idea about special subject matters and new subject at elementary school, Seikatsuka, that is "life subject", an integrated subject with sciences and social study. Teachers' constitution of idea has been studied through questionnaire surveys at elementary schools in the United States from 1992 to 1993. The collected data was analyzed and studied comparatively between two contries.Difference in data of special subject matter between Japanese and American teachers was studied on sciences and mathematics. Science education was studied on comparison of education in both countries through surveys to children returned from the United States. Curriculum of education was studied through Japanese language education, Kokugo, that is Japanese literacy and literature. Curriculum for teacher training at department of education of universities was also analyzed. How language education in the United States has been developed historically was also studied. When science subject was abolished from special subject matters at Jinjyo Elementary School in Meiji era and was taught in language education, what kind of contents of science was taught in language education was also studied historically. These studied has given new and many knowledge of special subject matters.