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A Policy Study on the Costs and Payr of the Higher Education in Japan.

日本高等教育成本与支付者的政策研究。

基本信息

批准号：
03306024
负责人：
YANO Masakazu
金额：
--
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Higher education in Japan has expanded mainly dues to the extension of the universities founded by private sector. As a consequence, the degree of dependence of higher education costs on ffamily sector have become larger. Especially, since 1980 the educational expenditure on family has been greater and greater. There is, however, no social consensus that the governmental expenditure on the higher education shoul increase, and on the other hand, the character of national universities are getting similar to the private ones step by step. Is this direction right?Opinions for the reforming of universities are now in the boom, but discussion based on the sound understanding of both reforming plans and actual state around educational costs is few.We have thought that it is important to study around the costs of higher education. So, in our report the actual state of the costs of higher education is analyzed from the following three points of view, to find out some political implications on t … More he problem ; who sould bear the costs of the higher education.1.By what and how the tuition fees decided?Besides positive analyzes if the changes of school fees and their causes, poliyical philpsophy and decision-making process of school fees are considered.2.Scholarships contribute to the equality of oppotunities for higher education?In addition to the universities, graduate schools are analyzed. And the cases in U.S.A.is considered in comparison, where Scholarships have contribute successfully.3.The difference of family income between university types.There exisis many types of universities, as founded by government or private sector, locate urban or rural area, lovcate student's native district or not, and so on. The difference of family income between these types of university is distinguished. Results of this analysis implicate us the effect of family income on the choice of university. And, at the same time, the role of the national universities on the equality of oppotunities for higher education is considered.Finally, we clarified further subject based on the findings of our analyzes.The higher education in Japan is now at a turning point. Differences of functions between sections, national, public, and private university, are getting obscure, and the division of professional school, college, university, and graduate school is more unfixed.As a result, the traditional way of funding for the higher education is no more effective. To re-struct ways of funding for new higher education system, we should again discuss who should pay the costs of higher education, how the governmental support for higher education should be. Less

日本高等教育的扩张主要归功于私营部门创办的大学的扩张。由此，高等教育费用对家庭部门的依赖程度变大。特别是1980年以来，家庭的教育支出越来越大。然而，政府对高等教育的支出应该增加并没有形成社会共识，另一方面，国立大学的性质也逐渐向私立大学靠拢。这个方向对吗？现在关于大学改革的意见正在兴起，但围绕教育成本的改革方案和实际情况的讨论却很少。我们认为围绕高等教育成本进行研究很重要。因此，我们的报告从以下三个角度对高等教育成本的实际状况进行分析，以找出一些对这个问题的政治含义；谁应该承担高等教育的费用。1.学费由什么和如何决定？除了积极分析学费的变化及其原因之外，还考虑学费的政策理念和决策过程。2.奖学金有助于高等教育机会均等？除了大学之外，还分析了研究生院。并考虑美国的案例，奖学金做出了成功的贡献。3.大学类型之间家庭收入的差异。大学有多种类型，如政府或私营部门创办的、位于城市或农村地区、是否喜欢学生的家乡等等。这些类型的大学之间的家庭收入差异是有区别的。这项分析的结果暗示了家庭收入对大学选择的影响。同时，还考虑了国立大学在高等教育机会均等方面的作用。最后，我们根据分析结果进一步明确了主题。日本的高等教育现在正处于一个转折点。国立大学、公立大学、私立大学之间的职能差异越来越模糊，专业学院、学院、大学和研究生院的划分更加不固定，传统的高等教育资助方式不再有效。重构新的高等教育体系的资助方式，我们应该重新讨论谁应该支付高等教育的费用，政府对高等教育的支持应该如何。较少的