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Methabolism and functional role of D-amino acid in marine invertebrates.

D-氨基酸在海洋无脊椎动物中的代谢和功能作用。

基本信息

批准号：
03660204
负责人：
SATO Minoru
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

D-Amino acids, which were considered as natural oddities, have been found in various animals, plants and bacteria. D-Aspartic acid (D-Asp) has been also detected in human proteins like eye lens, tooth enamel and brain. D-Asp was proposed to be causes and indicators of diseases and aging. Occurrence of D-asp has therefore gained increasing attention in a variety of research fields. In marine invertebrates, several investigators have described either isolated occurrences of individual D-amino acids or have measured the unspecified presence of D-amino acid using enzyme assay. This study was aimed to obtain the basic information on the distribution, metabolism and physiological function of D-amino acids in marine invertebrates.Among fourteen DL-amino acids which compose protein, except DL-lysine, thirteen DL-amino acids were possibly analyzed by optical-resolution HPLC method. This method was however able to detect nine D-amino acids such as Asp, Glu, Thr, Arg, Ala, Tyr, Val, Ile and Leu, in biological tissue extracts. Several marine invertebrates were analyzed for D-amino acids using this method. Only two D-amino acids (D-asp and D-ala) were confirmed in several marine invertebrates examined. High concentration of D-Asp was detected in the blood shell Scapharca broughtonii. The concentration ratio of D- to L-isomer was below one. Low concentration of D-asp was detected in all other species especially in its gill. Significant concentration of D-Ala was detected in a clam Meretrix lusoria. The concentration of D-ala was three times higher than that of L-ala in the adductor muscle of this species. D-Ala was also detected in high concentration in shrimp Crangon affinis and in sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus. When C. affinis, which was kept in 50% sea water for one week, was transferred to 0, 25, 75 and 100% sea water and analyzed the concentration of DL-alanine. D-Ala changed more intensely than L-ala under both low and high salinity conditions.

D-氨基酸被认为是天然的奇物，存在于各种动物、植物和细菌中。D-天冬氨酸（D-Asp）也已在人类蛋白质中检测到，如眼睛透镜，牙釉质和大脑。D-Asp被认为是疾病和衰老的原因和指标。因此，D-asp的发生在各种研究领域中获得了越来越多的关注。在海洋无脊椎动物中，一些研究人员描述了个别D-氨基酸的孤立出现，或使用酶测定法测量了未指明的D-氨基酸的存在。为了解D-氨基酸在海洋无脊椎动物体内的分布、代谢和生理功能，采用光学分辨HPLC法对14种组成蛋白质的DL-氨基酸中除DL-赖氨酸外的13种可能的DL-氨基酸进行了分析。然而，该方法能够检测生物组织提取物中的9种D-氨基酸，例如Asp、Glu、Thr、Arg、Ala、Tyr、瓦尔、Ile和Leu。几种海洋无脊椎动物的D-氨基酸进行了分析，使用这种方法。在检查的几种海洋无脊椎动物中仅确认了两种D-氨基酸（D-asp和D-ala）。结果表明，在布氏舟蛾血壳中检测到高浓度的D-天冬氨酸。D-异构体与L-异构体的浓度比低于1。在其它种类中检测到低浓度的D-asp，尤其是在鳃中。在文蛤中检测到显著浓度的D-丙氨酸。D-丙氨酸在闭壳肌中的含量是L-丙氨酸的3倍。D-丙氨酸也检测到高浓度的虾Crangon affinis和海胆球海胆。当C.将在50%海水中保存一周的affinis转移到0、25、75和100%海水中，并分析DL-丙氨酸的浓度。在低盐和高盐条件下，D-Ala的变化都比L-ala强烈。