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Comparative eco-ethology of African Primates

非洲灵长类动物的比较生态行为学

基本信息

批准号：
04041066
负责人：
SUGIYAMA Yukimaru
金额：
$ 16.32万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We have carried out the comparative ethology and ecology of chimpanzees and monkeys at different environment of west Africa. Study fields were Bossou and Monts Nimba at the frontier of Guinea and Ivory Coast for chimpanzees, Tai of Ivory Coast for Cercopithecoid monkeys, and Kalamaloue of Cameroon for patas monkeys. Main results were as follows.1. Behavior of hammer-anvil using for cracking hard-nuts by chimpanzees was analyzed. They begin this behavior at 3-4years old but are keen at about 10. Some are right and others are left hand users, however, at least adults show exclusive laterality in hammer-use.2. Chimpanzees collect and eat aggressive safari-ants using wand. Sixty wands were examined their characteristics and also user's age-sex.3. Leaf-sponge using for drinking water by chimpanzees was analyzed their seasonality, preference of leaf species, and user's age-sex from about 100 episodes.4. Pestle-pounding behavior by chimpanzees using a leaf-stalk of oil-palm at its top was first recorded for making and drinking sap. In a few cases chimpanzees collected sap with "fiber-sponges" as tool-composite.5. Coula edulis is a target for hammer-using at Yeale, Monts Nimba, and absent at Bossou. Some Coula nuts were presented to Bossou chimpanzees. Only an adult female cracked it, juveniles gradually learned but others neglected. Field experiment using "false-nut" suggested that she immigrated from a "Coula forest" .6. Flora of Bossou was listed up and its use by human and chimpanzee was made clear.7. Interspecies vocal communication in a mixed-species group by 7 species of monkeys were analyzed at the rain-forest of Tai.8. Although patas monkeys of dry-savanna have uni-male-group but promiscuous breeding was detected by DNA fingerprinting.

我们对西非不同环境下的黑猩猩和猴子进行了比较行为学和生态学研究。研究领域包括几内亚和科特迪瓦边境的博苏和宁巴山（Bossou）和宁巴山（Monts Nimba）的黑猩猩研究领域，科特迪瓦的泰（Tai）的鹿科猴研究领域以及喀麦隆的卡拉马鲁（Kalamaloue）的帕塔猴研究领域。主要结果如下： 1．分析了黑猩猩使用锤砧敲击硬坚果的行为。他们在3-4岁时开始这种行为，但在10岁左右就开始热衷于使用锤子。有些人是右手使用者，有些是左手使用者，但是，至少成年人在使用锤子方面表现出独特的偏侧性。2．黑猩猩用魔杖收集并吃掉攻击性的野生动物。检查了六十根魔杖的特征以及使用者的年龄性别。3．对黑猩猩使用海绵叶饮水的约100个事件进行了季节性分析、对叶片种类的偏好以及使用者的年龄性别分析。 4．黑猩猩利用顶部的油棕叶柄进行杵捣的行为首次被记录下来是为了制造和饮用树液。在少数情况下，黑猩猩用“纤维海绵”作为工具复合物收集汁液。5。 Coula edulis 是 Yeale、Monts Nimba 的锤子使用目标，而 Bossou 则没有。一些库拉坚果被赠送给博苏黑猩猩。只有成年雌性才能破解它，幼崽逐渐学会了，但其他人却忽视了。使用“假坚果”进行的现场实验表明她是从“库拉森林”移民而来的 0.6。列出了博苏植物区系，明确了人类和黑猩猩对它的利用。7．在 Tai.8 的雨林中，对 7 种猴子的混合物种群体中的种间声音交流进行了分析。尽管干旱稀树草原的帕塔猴具有单雄性群体，但DNA指纹分析发现存在混交现象。