Eco-ethology of West-African Chimpanzees and Other Primates

西非黑猩猩和其他灵长类动物的生态行为学

基本信息

批准号：
07041135
负责人：
SUGIYAMA Yukimaru
金额：
$ 14.4万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. During this study period, we found the following three new examples of tool use among wild chimpanzees at the main study area of Bossou, Guinea : l) Algae-scooping ; Chimpanzees use sticks approximately 50 cm long to scoop and ingest algae (pond scum) floating in ponds. Ghimpanzees select thin, light grasses or stems of ferns as sticks, and they remove hampering side-branches before utilizing them. Holding them in one hand, they extend the processed sticks as far as possible from the edge of ponds to scoop algae. 2) Leaf-cushion ; Chimpanzees arrange several large leaves on the ground and sit on them when the ground is moist in order to avoid getting wet. 3) Termite-fishing ; Chimpanzees insert thin stems of grasses into holes of termite mounds after breaking open the surface of the latter. Termites bite the intruding stems, and are thus lifted out of the mounds and subsequently eaten by chimpanzees retracting the stems. Termite, -fishing is widespread among chimpanzees in Gombe, Ea … More st Africa, but it has rarely been seen in West Africa. Our observations of Algae-scooping and Leaf-cushion constitute the first ever reports of these newly-found tools among wild chimpanzees. These discoveries lead to a claim that chimpanzees at Bossou have the largest repertoire of tools among all wild communities studied. There have so far been a total of 27 tools observed among wild chimpanzees, 18 of which can be seen at Bossou. We are now conducting an analysis of ecological factors to explain why chimpanzees at Bossou use such a large number of tools.2. We measured the study site and made a survey map for the basis of research. We also investigated the flora of Bossou, the availability of main fruits, and their seasonal changes. This data was used to analyze the correlation between seasonal changes in fruit availability and the frequency of tool use. The latter analysis is now beginning to indicate that chimpanzees frequently use tools during fruit scarcity to gain access to foods that could not be acquired otherwise.3. We observed parturition in a l0.5-year-old female. This fact along with accumulated data on population dynamics demonstrate that in wild chimpanzees at Bossou, the age of primiparity is lower and the inter-birth interval shorter than previously reported from East Africa. Less

1。在本研究期间，我们在几内亚Bossou的主要研究区域中发现了以下三个新的野生黑猩猩工具使用的例子：l）藻类合作；黑猩猩使用大约50厘米长的棍棒，可sc起藻类的摄入藻（池塘浮渣），浮在池塘中。 Ghimpanzees选择薄的浅草或蕨类的台阶作为棍子，然后在使用前去除阻碍的侧支。他们一只手握住它们，尽可能将加工的棍棒从池塘的边缘延伸到铲藻。 2）叶灌木丛；黑猩猩布置地面上的几叶，当地面湿润时坐在它们上，以免被弄湿。 3）白蚁钓鱼；破裂后，黑猩猩将草的细茎插入白蚁丘的孔中。白蚁咬住了入侵的茎，因此从土墩中抬起，然后通过黑猩猩缩回台阶而食用。白蚁，钓鱼在EA的Gombe的黑猩猩中广泛存在，但在西非很少见。我们对藻类共处和叶片灌木丛的观察构成了这些新发现工具在野生黑猩猩中的首次报道。这些发现导致声称Bossou的黑猩猩在所有野生社区中拥有最大的工具曲目。到目前为止，在野生黑猩猩中共有27个工具，其中18个工具可以在Bossou看到。现在，我们正在进行对生态因素的分析，以解释为什么Bossou使用如此大量工具。2。我们测量了研究地点，并为研究基础制作了调查图。我们还调查了Bossou的菌群，主要水果的可用性及其季节性变化。该数据用于分析水果可用性季节性变化之间的相关性。以及工具使用的频率。后来的分析现在开始表明黑猩猩经常在水果稀缺期间使用工具来获得无法获得的食物。3。我们在一名L0.5岁的女性中观察到分娩。这一事实以及对人口动态的积累数据表明，在Bossou的野性黑猩猩中，黄金年龄较低，而出生间隔时间比以前报道的短时间间隔短。较少的