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Eco-ethology of West-African Chimpanzees and Other Primates

西非黑猩猩和其他灵长类动物的生态行为学

基本信息

批准号：
07041135
负责人：
SUGIYAMA Yukimaru
金额：
$ 14.4万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. During this study period, we found the following three new examples of tool use among wild chimpanzees at the main study area of Bossou, Guinea : l) Algae-scooping ; Chimpanzees use sticks approximately 50 cm long to scoop and ingest algae (pond scum) floating in ponds. Ghimpanzees select thin, light grasses or stems of ferns as sticks, and they remove hampering side-branches before utilizing them. Holding them in one hand, they extend the processed sticks as far as possible from the edge of ponds to scoop algae. 2) Leaf-cushion ; Chimpanzees arrange several large leaves on the ground and sit on them when the ground is moist in order to avoid getting wet. 3) Termite-fishing ; Chimpanzees insert thin stems of grasses into holes of termite mounds after breaking open the surface of the latter. Termites bite the intruding stems, and are thus lifted out of the mounds and subsequently eaten by chimpanzees retracting the stems. Termite, -fishing is widespread among chimpanzees in Gombe, Ea … More st Africa, but it has rarely been seen in West Africa. Our observations of Algae-scooping and Leaf-cushion constitute the first ever reports of these newly-found tools among wild chimpanzees. These discoveries lead to a claim that chimpanzees at Bossou have the largest repertoire of tools among all wild communities studied. There have so far been a total of 27 tools observed among wild chimpanzees, 18 of which can be seen at Bossou. We are now conducting an analysis of ecological factors to explain why chimpanzees at Bossou use such a large number of tools.2. We measured the study site and made a survey map for the basis of research. We also investigated the flora of Bossou, the availability of main fruits, and their seasonal changes. This data was used to analyze the correlation between seasonal changes in fruit availability and the frequency of tool use. The latter analysis is now beginning to indicate that chimpanzees frequently use tools during fruit scarcity to gain access to foods that could not be acquired otherwise.3. We observed parturition in a l0.5-year-old female. This fact along with accumulated data on population dynamics demonstrate that in wild chimpanzees at Bossou, the age of primiparity is lower and the inter-birth interval shorter than previously reported from East Africa. Less

1. 在本研究期间，我们在几内亚博苏主要研究区的野生黑猩猩中发现了以下三个新的工具使用实例： l) 舀藻类；黑猩猩使用大约 50 厘米长的棍子来舀取并摄入漂浮在池塘中的藻类（池塘浮渣）。黑猩猩选择细而轻的草或蕨类植物的茎作为棍子，并在使用它们之前除去妨碍的侧枝。他们用一只手握住它们，将加工过的木棍从池塘边缘尽可能地伸出来舀取藻类。 2）叶垫；黑猩猩在地面上放置几片大叶子，并在地面潮湿时坐在上面，以避免弄湿。 3）白蚁捕捞；黑猩猩在破开白蚁丘的表面后，将细细的草茎插入白蚁丘的洞中。白蚁会咬住入侵的茎，从而被从土丘中举出，随后被缩回茎的黑猩猩吃掉。白蚁捕鱼在非洲贡贝的黑猩猩中很普遍，但在西非却很少见。我们对藻类舀取和叶垫的观察构成了野生黑猩猩中这些新发现工具的首次报告。这些发现表明，博苏的黑猩猩拥有所有研究过的野生群落中最多的工具。迄今为止，在野生黑猩猩中总共观察到了 27 种工具，其中 18 种可以在 Bossou 看到。我们现在正在对生态因素进行分析，以解释为什么Bossou的黑猩猩使用如此大量的工具。2．我们测量了研究地点并制作了调查地图作为研究的基础。我们还调查了Bossou的植物区系、主要水果的供应情况及其季节变化。该数据用于分析水果供应的季节变化与工具使用频率之间的相关性。后一种分析现在开始表明，黑猩猩在水果稀缺期间经常使用工具来获取其他方式无法获得的食物。3。我们观察了一名 10.5 岁女性的分娩情况。这一事实以及积累的种群动态数据表明，博苏的野生黑猩猩的初产年龄较低，生育间隔也比之前在东非报道的要短。较少的