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Comparative Ecology of Primates in West Africa

西非灵长类动物的比较生态学

基本信息

批准号：
01041058
负责人：
SUGIYAMA Yukimaru
金额：
$ 11.39万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Purpose of this project is to make clear the adaptation of non-human primates in same and different environments. The primate species and main research field are Erythrocebus patas and Cercopithecus aethiops of Kaka Maloue, semi-arid region in Northern-most Cameroon, and Pan troglodytes verus of Bossou, mixed forest in South-eastern Guinea.Two species of Kala Maloue distribute synpatrically. Patas has the one-male (multi-female) group and forages widely in the most dry area overlapping its home-range with those of adjacent groups. On the other hand aethiops has the multi-male (multi-female) group and stays within the riverine forest. Group males of patas are frequently ousted by the attack of bachelor sales, though thoed of aethiops stay longer. Group structure, foraging pattern and male reproductive success of both species are being analyzed through their comparison.The group of Pan of Bossou is characterized by the tool-using behavior, particularly the hard-nut cracking using hammer. Through its intensive observation development of hammer-using technique and its individual difference were analyzed. For learning skillful technique infants and juveniles must observe mother's and elders' technique, try to manipulate stones, understand the relation among anvil, nut to be cracked and hammer. It takes more than 10 years for using hammer skillfully. Each individual always uses hammer in his/her preffered hand. About half of individuals of the group is the right hand user and others are the left hand users.However, a few immatures sometimes changed their hand for using hammer. Laterality of hand use develops according to development of the hammering technique. Occasionally an old female used another stone putting under the anvil as "a secondary tool" for its effective use.

该项目的目的是弄清楚非人灵长类动物在相同和不同环境中的适应性。主要研究领域为喀麦隆最北部半干旱地区Kaka Maloue的Erythrocebus patas和Cercopithecus aethiops，以及几内亚东南部混交林Bossou的Pan troglodytes verus。帕塔斯有一个男性（多女性）组和觅食广泛的最干燥的地区重叠的家庭范围与邻近群体。另一方面，Aethiops有多雄性（多雌性）群体，并留在河边森林中。帕塔的群体雄性经常被单身汉的攻击所驱逐，尽管埃提俄普斯的群体雄性呆得更久。通过比较分析了这两个种群的群体结构、觅食方式和雄性繁殖成功率，发现博苏潘种群的特征是使用工具，特别是用锤子敲碎硬坚果。通过对其进行深入观察，分析了其用锤技术的发展及其个体差异。幼儿和青少年要学习熟练的技术，必须观察母亲和老人的技术，尝试操纵石头，了解砧、坚果和锤子之间的关系。熟练使用锤子需要10年以上的时间。每个人总是在他/她的首选手中使用锤子。大约有一半的人是右手使用者，其他人是左手使用者，但也有少数未成年人有时会因为使用锤子而改变自己的手。随着锤击技术的发展，手的偏侧使用也在发展。偶尔，一位老妇人会把另一块石头放在铁砧下，作为有效使用的“辅助工具”。