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Comparative Ecology of Primates in West Africa

西非灵长类动物的比较生态学

基本信息

批准号：
01041058
负责人：
SUGIYAMA Yukimaru
金额：
$ 11.39万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Purpose of this project is to make clear the adaptation of non-human primates in same and different environments. The primate species and main research field are Erythrocebus patas and Cercopithecus aethiops of Kaka Maloue, semi-arid region in Northern-most Cameroon, and Pan troglodytes verus of Bossou, mixed forest in South-eastern Guinea.Two species of Kala Maloue distribute synpatrically. Patas has the one-male (multi-female) group and forages widely in the most dry area overlapping its home-range with those of adjacent groups. On the other hand aethiops has the multi-male (multi-female) group and stays within the riverine forest. Group males of patas are frequently ousted by the attack of bachelor sales, though thoed of aethiops stay longer. Group structure, foraging pattern and male reproductive success of both species are being analyzed through their comparison.The group of Pan of Bossou is characterized by the tool-using behavior, particularly the hard-nut cracking using hammer. Through its intensive observation development of hammer-using technique and its individual difference were analyzed. For learning skillful technique infants and juveniles must observe mother's and elders' technique, try to manipulate stones, understand the relation among anvil, nut to be cracked and hammer. It takes more than 10 years for using hammer skillfully. Each individual always uses hammer in his/her preffered hand. About half of individuals of the group is the right hand user and others are the left hand users.However, a few immatures sometimes changed their hand for using hammer. Laterality of hand use develops according to development of the hammering technique. Occasionally an old female used another stone putting under the anvil as "a secondary tool" for its effective use.

本项目的目的是明确非人类灵长类动物在相同和不同环境下的适应性。灵长类动物种类和主要研究领域为喀麦隆最北部半干旱区Kaka Maloue的赤棘猴（Erythrocebus patas）和黑棘猴（Cercopithecus aethiops），以及几内亚东南部混交林Bossou的Pan troglodytes verus。两种Kala Maloue呈中心型分布。Patas有一个雄性（多雌性）群体，在最干燥的地区广泛觅食，其活动范围与邻近群体重叠。另一方面，aethiops有多雄性（多雌性）群体，生活在河流森林中。帕塔斯的雄性群体经常被单身汉的攻击所驱逐，尽管非种族的雄性群体停留的时间更长。通过比较，分析了两种物种的群体结构、觅食模式和雄性繁殖成功率。博苏潘族的特点是使用工具的行为，特别是用锤子敲开坚硬的坚果。通过深入观察，分析了我国用锤技术的发展及其个体差异。为了学习熟练的技术，婴儿和青少年必须观察母亲和长辈的技术，尝试操作石头，了解铁砧，待裂螺母和锤子之间的关系。熟练使用锤子需要10多年的时间。每个人总是用他/她喜欢的手使用锤子。这个群体中大约有一半的人是右手使用者，其他人是左手使用者。然而，一些不成熟的人有时会改变他们的手来使用锤子。手的侧边性随着锤击技术的发展而发展。偶尔，一位老妇人会把另一块石头放在铁砧下面，作为有效使用的“辅助工具”。