An Archaeological Study on the Cities and Trade Route in Ancient Gandhara

东京国立博物馆考古代表团在叙利亚主要考古博物馆(大马士革、巴尔米拉、斯威达等)工作(2010年1月10日至14日)。以及重要的罗马商业城市(巴尔米拉、乌加里特、阿帕米亚等)为了比较哈扎拉省当代城市的性质，巴基斯坦恢复了与考古和博物馆部门的普查工作(15/10-23/12/93)。对阿伯塔巴德、曼塞拉、帕坦等地周围约52个迄今未知的地点进行了定位和调查。在52个遗址中，有两个值得特别注意：1)Kote Pahari遗址位于哈里普尔东北约15公里处，位于一座向下俯瞰哈里普尔平原的约500米岩石山顶上。1992年，建筑物地基水平上的尿布砖石被认为是佛教性质的。但清理、小规模挖掘和对遗址的测量表明，这是一个防御工事，位于老商业主干道附近。贝沙姆以东约30公里处是阿莱遗址，位于阿莱河沿岸的玉米田梯田上。调查了波卡尔村的6个地点和邻近村庄的5个地点。到目前为止，博卡尔-斯图巴遗址出土了4座佛塔；这是该部门发现的第一个佛教遗址。村民们在附近的居民点发现了甘陀罗墓葬文化的样本(因此该遗址至少在公元前7世纪-公元5世纪仍在使用)。Kote Pahari在更大范围内的继续工作肯定会澄清当时城市文化的有趣方面。印度河对岸的塔西拉和对面的斯瓦特将帮助我们更好地了解阿莱的佛教，以及迄今未知的东西方之间的贸易路线。

The Archaeological Mission of the Tokyo National Museum worked in Syria (1/10 - 14/10) at the major archaeological museums (Damascus, Palmyra, Sweda etc.) and at important Roman commercial cities (Palmyra, Ugarit, Apamia etc.) to compare the nature of contemporary cities in Hazara Division.In Pakistan (15/10 - 23/12/93) the general survey work with the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan was resumed. Some 52 hitherto unknown sites around Abbottabad, Mansehra, Pattan, etc. were located and surveyed. Of the 52, two deserve special attention ;1) Kote Pahari Site is located some 15 KM to the NE of Haripur on top of a ca.500m rock mountain looking down the plain of Haripur. In 1992, the diaper masonry on the foundation level of buildings was considered to be of buddhist nature. But cleaning, small-scale excavation, measurement of the site made it clear that it was a fortification site situated close to the old commercial trunk road.2) Ca.30 KM to the east of Besham is Allai Site on terraces of corn-fields along the Allai River. 6 sites in Pokal Village and 5 more in neighboring villages were surveyed. Pokal-Stupa site yielded so far 4 stupas ; it is the first ascertained buddhist site in this Division. Villagers found specimens of the Gandhara grave culture from nearby dwelling sites (thus the site was in use ca.7th century B.C. - 5th century A.D. at least).Continued work of Kote Pahari on a fuller scale will surely clarify interesting facets of city culture of the day. Taxila on the same bank of the River Indus and Swat on the opposite will help us to understand Buddhism of the Allai better, and so far unknown trade-routes between the East and the West.