Gandharan Buddhist Cultural Study and the Database of the relics from Zar Dheri

犍陀罗佛教文化研究及扎扎里文物数据库

• 批准号: 12800010
• 负责人: NISHIOKA Yasuhiro
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Tokyo National Museum
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Special Purpose.
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12800010/
• 关键词: Zar Dheri; Gandhara; Hazara; Buddhist temple; Kushan; schist; Radiocarbon dating

In the 1999 season the Tokyo National Museum Archaeological Mission to Pakistan has excavated more than 130 stone sculptures from the Buddhist temple site Zar Dheri it the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. During this season the Mission closely studied, measured and photographed these pieces unearthed from the monk's cell F/2.As many sculptures have suffered from fracture, exfoliation or loss of its original strengh, the Mission established a proposal for the restoration.Through the geological examination of stone samples, very similar to those used for architecture and sculptures, they are confirmed to be of schist. Two charred wood from the doorsill of the cell F/2 and the outside of the neighboring cell G/2 were put to some scientific analyses to determine their respective species and dates through the radiocarbon dating. The charred samples from the F/2 was of Himalayan cedar, while those of G/2 of pine genus ; and the felling dates for F/2 and for G/2 were determined at sometime between 100 BC-140 AD and 160 BC-150 AD (within 95 % probability) respectively. The scientific dating of the charred substances indicates that the site was more or less contemporary to the prime period of the Gandharan Buddhist culture, i. e. Kushan period (1st-3rd centuries).The Mission has renovated the godown for a safer and better safekeeping of the objects, i.e. set up the facilities of electricity and ventilation, repair of the wall, reinforcement of the lock for the security.A database of the whole collection with photographic documents is now available.

1999年，东京国家博物馆赴巴基斯坦考古代表团从巴基斯坦西北边境省的佛教寺庙Zar Dheri It It挖掘出130多件石雕。在这个季节，调查团仔细研究、测量和拍摄了这些从僧侣的F/2室中出土的石刻，由于许多雕塑已经断裂、剥落或失去原来的强度，调查团制定了一项修复建议，通过对与用于建筑和雕塑的石材非常相似的石样进行地质检查，确认它们是片岩。从F/2室的门槛和相邻的G/2室的外面取了两块烧焦的木材进行科学分析，通过放射性碳测年确定了它们各自的种类和年代。F/2的采伐时间为公元前100年~140AD，G/2为公元前160年~150年(概率在95%以内)。对烧焦物质的科学测年表明，该遗址或多或少与甘达兰佛教文化的鼎盛时期，即库山时期(1-3世纪)相吻合。特派团已对仓库进行了翻新，以更安全和更好地保存这些物品，如设置电力和通风设施、修复墙壁、加固锁以确保安全。