Preliminary Study on the Layout Plan of the Buddhist Temples in Gandhara

1998年和1999年期间，使命团主要在西北边境地区哈扎拉省Mansehra的Zero Dheri佛教遗址佛塔区N的寺院区域（52 x85 m）开展工作。巴基斯坦。在修道院面积的E一半上建造了一座修道院，修道院的僧侣牢房（3x 3米）围绕着一个凹陷的方形庭院（28.3x29.2米，低于地表60厘米），并与石头铺成的露台接壤。在庭院的N部分是一排（E-W）5个带排水沟的浴室。一个约10厘米高的隔离墙从北向南延伸。整个建筑是同时建造的。从三个挖掘出的僧侣牢房中的一个中发现了130多件石雕作品和建筑元素。大约在场地废弃时，它们被有序地铺设在原来的地板上方。一些新记录的Kharosthi铭文为该遗址的历史提供了更多的钥匙。1999年，在佛塔区域进行了一些额外的挖掘，以确定连接到佛塔基座的楼梯的尺寸和许愿佛塔的存在。E楼梯宽8.8米。4个楼梯的基座基本上共享相同的功能与不同的装饰细节。在佛塔的北面，发现了三处在佛塔建造时的原始地表上的石结构遗迹。没有发现还愿佛塔。由于缺乏可靠的发现事实，犍陀罗艺术史的文体和年代学研究受到很大影响。这一壮观的发现130件与充分的考古文件和讨论应该极大地填补了差距。通过对这些作品的详细分析，将为研究印度河东岸迄今闻所未闻的犍陀罗艺术奠定坚实的基础。

During 1998 and 1999, the Mission worked mainly on the monastery area (52x85m) to the N of the stupa area of the Zero Dheri Buddhist site in Mansehra, Hazara division, N.W.F.P., Pakistan.On the E half of the monastery area is built a monastery with monk's cells (3x3m) surrounding a depressed square courtyard (28.3x29.2m and 60cm below the surface level) with bordering stone-paved terrace. In the N part of the courtyard is a row (E-W) of 5 bathrooms with drains. A separation wall of ca.10cm high runs N-S. The whole structure was built simultaneously.From 1 of the 3 excavated monk's cells were found 130+ stone sculpture pieces and architectural elements. They had been laid above the original floor orderly at around the time of the abandonment of the site. Some newly recorded Kharosthi inscriptions provide more keys to the history of the site.In 1999 some additional excavations were undertaken in the stupa area to ascertain the dimension of the stairs attached to the plinth of the stupa and the presence of votive stupas. The E stairs was measured at 8.8m wide. The 4 stairs to the plinth basically share the same features with different decorative details. To the N of the stupa were found 3 stone structural remains on the original surface level when the stupa was under construction. No votive stupa was found.The stylistic and chronological studies of the Gandhara Art History suffer very much from the absence of reliable facts of the find. This spectacular discovery of 130 pieces with full archaeological documentation and discussion should enormously fill in the gap. Through the detailed analysis of these works the study of the Gandhara art on the E bank of Indus River, hitherto unheard of, will have a firm foundation.