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Theorization of Community-based Problem Solving in PHC

初级卫生保健中基于社区的问题解决的理论化

基本信息

批准号：
04044036
负责人：
KAWATA Chieko
金额：
$ 4.61万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Recent years have seen changes in health problems, the relationship between health professionals and lay people, changes in family composition, changes in industry, accompanied by changes in the organization and function of the community. The degree of change between developed and developing countries is rapidly becoming an issue. This research brings together researchers from the U.S. (Hawaii), Thailand and Japan to collaborate and work on this topic from the perspective of not just one country but rather by examining community-based health problems on an international level. The main theme of this research focuses on the term and the various interpretations/understandings of "community-based". This basic yet extremely important point is examined through : 1) the idea of community-based activity as opposed to hospital and/or institution-based. 2) While recognizing the major role and leadership of physicians, health and medical specialists in community medicine and community health ; in community-based, the characteristic is that the citizens and lay people play the main role and bear a major part of the burden in activities. 3) Community-based works on the principle that emphasis should be on health-related social, environmental and administrative elements, in contrast to the focus being on each person taking control of his/her life and making the individualistic lifestyle changes needed. 4) The "community" in community-based includes in its meaning the strengthening of cooperation, collaboration and organization among citizens, organizations and institutions.The main focus of the local surveys was on poverty, low-income, handicapped, elderly as well as diabetic and AIDS patients, etc., and looked at strengthening cooperation and the establishment of support systems.In addition, the rather recent formation and development of activities of voluntary groups such as self-help groups, supportive networks and other volunteer groups was examined.

近年来，保健问题、保健专业人员与非专业人员之间的关系、家庭组成的变化、工业的变化以及社区组织和职能的变化都发生了变化。发达国家和发展中国家之间的变化程度正迅速成为一个问题。这项研究汇集了来自美国（夏威夷）、泰国和日本的研究人员，不仅从一个国家的角度，而且从国际层面上研究社区卫生问题，就这一主题进行合作和工作。本研究的主题集中在术语和“社区为基础”的各种解释/理解。这一基本而又极其重要的观点是通过以下方式加以检验的：1)以社区为基础的活动，而不是以医院和/或机构为基础的活动。2)认识到医生、卫生和医学专家在社区医学和社区卫生方面的主要作用和领导作用；在以社区为基础的社区中，其特点是公民和非专业人员在活动中扮演主体角色，承担主要的负担。3)以社区为基础开展工作，其原则是强调与健康有关的社会、环境和行政因素，而不是侧重于每个人控制自己的生活和作出必要的个人主义生活方式改变。(4)以社区为基础的“社区”在其意义上包括加强公民、组织和机构之间的合作、协作和组织。地方调查的主要重点是贫穷、低收入、残疾人、老年人以及糖尿病和艾滋病患者等，并着眼于加强合作和建立支助系统。此外，还审查了最近形成和发展的志愿团体活动，例如自助团体、支助网络和其他志愿团体。