Research on Management and Practice of the "Subject-Choice-System" in Junior High Schools in Japan

随着1993年开始实施的新版《初中课程标准》正式允许在初中广泛推行选科制。现在，我们要检查以下几点，以便更好地执行这一制度。调查各学校推行该制度的实际情况。考察该制度的现状，回顾初中课程组织的原则，找出实施该制度的难点，提出改革建议。作为结论，我们指出了以下事实和建议。1992年，1.75%的初中引入了选科制度。这一数字还在增加。关于采用该系统的结果和问题的报告不断积累。各种改革的必要性是不可避免的。大多数接受采访的学校都在进行各种尝试和尝试。制定一项优先考虑学生第一选择的规则的计划尤其有价值。不少学校在人员、设施、教学内容、考核等方面都存在问题。作为初中课程组织的原则之一，必须树立“小学生选择权”的理念。眼下，科目选择系统应该被视为一个正在进行的实验。因此，必须避免正式和仓促地引入或统一执行，并应鼓励每个学校开展自己的实验。

With the new version of the "Course of Study for Junior High Schoos", which became effective in 1993, extensive introduction of subject-choice-system into those schools has been officially permissible.Now we should check the following points for desirable execution of system.1. To survey the actual situations in which each school has been carrying out the system.2. To examine the hitory of the system and review the principles of prganizing curriculum for junior high schools.To identify the difficulties in execution of the system, and to suggest reforms.As our conclusion we pointed out the followint facts and proposals.1.75%in 1992 of junior high schools have introduced the subject-choice-system. This figure is increasing. Reports on results and problems of the introduction of the system have been accumulating. Necessity for various reforms shall be inevitable.2. Most schools which were interviewed have been making various attempts in trial and error. Plans for working out a rule give priority to pupils' first choices are especially valuable. Many schools have found problems in personnel, facilities, contents of courses, and evaluation.3. As one of the principles of organizing curriculum in jinior high school, we must develop the concept of "pupil's right of choice".4. Right now the subjects-choice-system should be regarded as an on-going experiment. Terefore, formal and hasty introduction or uniform enforcement of it must be avoided, and each school should be encouraged to carry out its own xperiment.