Comparative study on spatial principles in east Asia

本研究旨在重新评估东亚地区的各种聚落与住宅，厘清东亚聚落的空间原则。这是一项旨在探索改善东亚国家在现代化变化中生存环境的新方法的研究。我们再次讨论了我们成员的研究成果，并收集了有关该主题的资料和文献。我们对韩国、台湾、中国和日本的居民点和住宅进行了实地调查。第一年，1993年，我们在韩国西南部全南道的南洞里、邦川里、五峰里三个韩国农村居民点进行了实地调查。我们发现，这些聚落中重要建筑的位置和朝向是深入考虑地形条件和风水的，而房屋的模式是通过考虑马堂（庭院）和萨堂（祭祖建筑）的轮廓线和位置而形成的。1994年，我们在台湾台中地区普辛、社头（岳美）、大茂铺、下城里四个农村居民点进行了实地调查。我们认识到台湾传统住宅风格——三合院住宅风格的空间原则的重要性，并且住宅是由中国住宅的基本单位“间”构成的。我们发现，部分华人聚落与日、韩聚落在概念上存在差异。在这个项目的最后一年，也就是1995年，我们在中国江苏省乐治县的鹿翔（罗汉）和日本奈良县的平田县和滋贺县的近豆两个定居点进行了实地调查。我们发现，在中国江苏，三合院风格的大房子幸存下来，即使现在也被新的生活方式使用得很好。在芦兴乡，人们采用了良好的水利用生态系统。通过这次研究，我们的每个成员都发现了研究东亚聚落和住宅的新的重要关键词、观点和概念。

The purpose of this study is to reassess various settlements and dwellings in East Asia, and to make clear the spatial principles of East Asian settlements.This is the study for the purpose of searching new method to improvement living environment in Eeast Asian countries that is now changing by modernization.We discussed again the results of our member's researches, and collected materials and the literature on this subject.And we made field survey of settlements and dwellings in Korea, Taiwan, China and Japan.In first year, 1993, we made a field survey in Korean three rural settlements, Namdongri, Bangchon-ri and Obong-ri in Cholla-namdo, southwest part of Korea.We found that location and orientation of important buildings in these settlements are deeply considered topographical conditions and poongsu (geomancy), and patterns of premises are formed by considering contour lines and location of Madang (courty yard) and Sadang (building for ancestor worship).In 1994, we made a field survey in four rural settlements, Pushin, Shetou(Yuemei), Damaopu, Xiacheng-ri, Taichong Prefecture, Taiwan.We recognized importance of spatial principles of style of San-he-Yuan house, traditional house style in Taiwan, and that the house is formed by "Jian", basic unit of the Chinese houses.And we found that there is difference of concepts between some Chinese settlement and Japanese, korean settlements.In the last year of this project, 1995, we had field surveys in two settlements, Luxiang (Lohan), Lezhi, in Jianhsu, China, and also in two settlements, Hieda, Nara prefecture and Kondou, Shiga prefecture in Japan.We found that big San-he-yuan style house survived in Jiangsu, China and that is even now used very well by new way of living.And in Luxinag, people adopted good water-use ecological system.Through this research, each our member found new important keywords, viewpoints and concepts for studying settlements and dwellings in East Asia.