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DYNAMICS OF CELLULAR FUNCTION OF PLANT VACUOLES.

植物液泡细胞功能的动力学。

基本信息

批准号：
05304005
负责人：
MAESHIMA Masayoshi
金额：
$ 12.1万
依托单位：
NAGOYA UNIVERSITY (1994)Hokkaido University (1993)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Vacuole is one on the most conspicuous compartments within a plant cell. We have investigated dynamic aspect of plant vacuoles in function and morphology. The vacuole performs numerous functions vital to cellular homeostasis, including the accumulation of metabolites, storage proteins and inorganic ions. The vacuolar function is supported by the primary and secondary active transport systems. We focused our attention on the vacuolar proton pumps which acidify vacuoles and create a membrane potential. Also, Na^+/H^+antiporter has been characterized as the secondary active transporter. The most important aspect of vacuoles is their role in protein storage. The protein storage vacuoles are derived from central vacuoles in the maturating seeds and transformed to a central vacuole in the germinating seeds. We analyzed the mechanisms for the protein accumulation into these protein-storage vacuoles and for the transformation between the protein-storage vacuole and the central vacuole. And the mechanisms of vacuolar morphogenesis and the molecular basis of autophagic function have been investigated for yeast and plant cells.Our investigations revealed the physiological significance of vacuolar proton pumps in the ion accumulation, intracellular sorting of storage protein to vacuole and cell expansion. Nishimura's group found the dense vesicles that act as transport vesicles from ER to vacuoles for storage proteins in seeds. In yeast systems, the essential genes and protein factor for vacuole morphogenesis have been identified. Ohsumi's group found the autophagy in yeast cells and analyzed the process at levels of cell biology and molecular genetics. During this study, some fruitful, cooperative works among the members have been done.

植物细胞中最明显的隔室之一是细胞内的微通道。本文从功能和形态两个方面对植物液泡的动态进行了研究。液泡执行许多对细胞内稳态至关重要的功能，包括代谢物、储存蛋白和无机离子的积累。液泡功能由初级和次级主动运输系统支持。我们把注意力集中在液泡质子泵上，它使液泡酸化并产生膜电位。此外，Na^+/H^+逆向转运蛋白也被认为是次级活性转运蛋白。液泡最重要的方面是它们在蛋白质储存中的作用。蛋白质贮藏液泡来源于成熟种子中的中央液泡，并在萌发种子中转化为中央液泡。我们分析了蛋白质向这些蛋白质储存液泡中积累的机制以及蛋白质储存液泡与中央液泡之间的转换机制。本文以酵母和植物细胞为研究对象，探讨了液泡形态发生的机制和自噬功能的分子基础，揭示了液泡质子泵在离子积累、细胞内贮藏蛋白分选到液泡和细胞扩张中的生理意义。Nishimura的研究小组发现了种子中作为储存蛋白质从内质网到液泡的运输小泡的致密小泡。在酵母系统中，液泡形态发生所必需的基因和蛋白质因子已被确定。Ohsumi的研究小组在酵母细胞中发现了自噬，并在细胞生物学和分子遗传学水平上分析了这一过程。在研究过程中，各成员单位开展了卓有成效的合作工作。