Molecular system of membrane transport and level regulation of metal ions

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I investigated Arabidopsis vacuolar membrane zinc transporter AtMTP1, novel cation-biding proteins PCaP1 and PCaP2, and H^+-pyrophosphatase (H^+-PPase), which are involved in metal homeostasis in plant cells.(1) AtMTP1 works as a Zn^<2+>/H^+ exchanger and has high affinity for zinc and zinc selectivity. We determined functional residues related to ion transport and selection of zinc.(2) PCaP1 and PCaP2 N-myristoylated are stably associated with plasma membrane. I found that PCaP1 is involved in copper sensitivity and stomatal closer and PCaP2 in development of root hairs.(3) I clarified that Arabidopsis type I H^+-PPase is localized to the vacuolar membrane and mainly contributes to metal homeostasis through activation of metal active transporters. The type II H^+-PPase is a minor isoform and localized to the Golgi membranes.