Assessment of exposure to solvent mixture by biological monitoring

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Ikeda reviewed existing reports on combined exposure to solvents and concluded that no metabolic interaction between the solvents is likely to occure when the exposured are below current occupational exposure limits.Such conclusion was confirmed when industrial workers were biologically monitored after combined exposure to stirene and acetone, toluene and xylene, toluene and MEK,or toulene and IPA(Ikeda, Iguchi, Kawai).Takeuchi observed toluenne-induced suppression of hexane metabolism in rats as well as in factory workers.Sato employed rats in which solvent metabolism was induced by repeated oral administration of ethanol, and confirmed both in vitro and in vivo that the metabolism of trichloroethylene and chloroform was modified by the induction only when the exposure was high whereas metabolism of methylchloroform was affected by the induction regardless of exposure intensity.Ogata made evaluation of biological monitoring in comparison with traditional environmental monitoring, and proposed a version of the additiveness formula applicable to biological monitoring of combined exposure to solvents.