Secular Trends of environmental pollution as monitored by human intake of cadmium and lead

通过人体镉和铅摄入量监测环境污染的长期趋势

• 批准号: 02454212
• 负责人: IKEDA Masayuki
• 金额: $ 4.99万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1992
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02454212/
• 关键词: lead; cadmium; daily intake; environmental pollution; secular trend; 汚染質1日経口摂取量; 24時間食事検体; 血中濃度; 食事検体; 農村; 血液; 尿; 生物学的モニタリング

In the years around 1990, 24-hour diet duplicate samples were collected from 274 subjects (55 men and 219 women) in Iwate, Miyagi, Mie, Yamaguchi and Okinawa prefectures. A portion (10 g) of the duplicates, after weighing, were wet-ashed by heating in the presence of mineral acids, and the digests were subjected to analysis for cadmium and lead by means of flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. Ammonium nitrate was added as a matrix modifier in the case of lead analysis. The daily cadmium intake thus obtained was 25.0 ug/day (1.90) and 17.5 ug/day (1.93) as GM (GSD) for men and women, respectively. The value for women was significantly (P<0.01) lower than the value for men. The values for lead were 12.1 ug/day (1.93) and 10.8 ug/day (2.25) for men and women, respectively, with no significant difference between two sexes. When the subjects were grouped by the study region and by sex, and the data base for 1980 measurements were retrieved, 9 pairs (4 pairs for men and 5 pairs for women) of 1980 GM and 1990 GM were available for comparison. Statistical analysis showed the 1990 GMs were significantly (P<0.05) lower than the counterpart 1990 GMs in 5 pairs (3 for men and 2 for women) in the case of daily cadmium intake, and it was so in 5 pairs (2 for men and 3 for women) in the case of lead. There was no case of increase both in cadmium and in lead. The grand GMs showed some 40% reduction in cadmium intake in the past 10 years, and the reduction was by ca. 45% in the case of lead.

在1990年前后，从岩手县、宫城县、三重县、山口县和冲绳县的274名受试者（55名男性和219名女性）中收集了24小时饮食重复样品。称重后，将一份（10 g）重复样品在无机酸存在下加热湿灰化，并通过无火焰原子吸收光谱法对样品进行镉和铅的分析。在铅分析的情况下，加入硝酸铵作为基体改进剂。由此获得的男性和女性每日镉摄入量分别为25.0 μ g/天（1.90）和17.5 μ g/天（1.93），以GM（GSD）计。女性明显低于男性（P<0.01）。男性和女性的铅含量分别为12.1微克/天（1.93）和10.8微克/天（2.25），男女之间没有显著差异。当受试者按研究地区和性别分组，并检索1980年测量的数据库时，可获得9对1980年GM和1990年GM（4对男性和5对女性）进行比较。经统计分析，镉日摄入量1990年GM值有5对（男3对，女2对）显著低于对照组（P<0.05），铅日摄入量1990年GM值有5对（男2对，女3对）显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。镉和铅的含量没有增加。在过去的10年里，大GM显示镉的摄入量减少了40%，减少了约10%。45%的铅。

项目成果

T. Watanabe, S. Shinbo, M. Yasumoto, Y. Imai, K. Kimura, K. Yamamoto, S. Kawamura, O. Iwami and M. Ikeda.: "Reduction to a half in dietary intake of cadmium and lead among Japanese populations." Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

T. Watanabe、S. Shinbo、M. Yasumoto、Y. Imai、K. Kimura、K. Yamamoto、S. Kawamura、O. Iwami 和 M. Ikeda.：“将膳食中镉和铅的摄入量减少一半

T.Watanabe,S.Shindo,M.Yasumoto,Y.Imai,K.Kimura,K.Yamamoto,S.Kawamura,O.Iwami and M.Ikeda.: "Reduction to a half in dietary intake of cadmium and lead among Japanese populations." Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.(1993)

T.Watanabe、S.Shindo、M.Yasumoto、Y.Imai、K.Kimura、K.Yamamoto、S.Kawamura、O.Iwami 和 M.Ikeda.：“将膳食中镉和铅的摄入量减少一半

T.Watanabe: "Reduced dietary cadmium intake in past 12 years in a rural area in Japan" Sci.Total Environ.(1992)

T.Watanabe：“过去 12 年日本农村地区膳食镉摄入量减少”Sci.Total Environ.(1992)

T.Watanabe,S.Shinbo,M.Yasumoto,Y.Imai,K.Kimura,K.Yamamoto,S.Kawamura,O.Iwami and M.Ikeda.: "Reduction to a half in dietary intake of cadmium and lead among Japanese populations." Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.(1993)

T.Watanabe、S.Shinbo、M.Yasumoto、Y.Imai、K.Kimura、K.Yamamoto、S.Kawamura、O.Iwami 和 M.Ikeda.：“将膳食中镉和铅的摄入量减少一半

T. Watanabe, H. Nakatsuka, H. Satoh, R. Yamamoto and M. Ikeda.: "Reduced dietary cadmium intake in past 12 years in a rural area in Japan." Sci. Total Environ.119. 43-50 (1992)

T. Watanabe、H. Nakatsuka、H. Satoh、R. Yamamoto 和 M. Ikeda.：“过去 12 年日本农村地区膳食镉摄入量减少。”