The Study on the Cities of Ancient Korea

1994年11月25日至12月11日，1995年12月6日至18日，对韩国古城遗址及相关文物进行了实地考察。在这次调查中，我访问了首尔、长春、江陵、庆州、釜山、忠州、咸安、光州、莞岛、木脱、浦外等地。通过这些调查，我得到了如下的结果。现在能看到的古城遗迹是由宫殿、街道、办公室、宿舍和佛寺的废墟组成的。我观察了这些遗迹的挖掘过程，了解了新罗和北溪的都城和地方城市的结构。2)墓葬是属于古代城市的重要遗迹。在这段时间里，我调查了每一个地方的这些土丘，了解了它们的结构和各种各样的陪葬品，从中我得出了关于古代城市文化复杂性的建议。3)在古代朝鲜，城市的后面通常会有一座城堡在这段时间里，我调查了城堡和城墙，并了解了两者的相关性。4)我观察了最近发现的纪念碑和“木碑”（写有官方信息的窄木条），并调查了文字资料。5)在实地考察中，不仅观察了古代遗迹，还参观了高丽时代和朝鲜时代建造的城墙和寺庙等，了解了从古代到中近现代城市扩张的过程。

From Nov.25 to Dec.11 1994 and from Dec.6 to 18 1995, I made field investigations into remains of the ancient cities in South Korea, and relics related to them. In these investigations, I visited Seoul, Ch'unch'on, Kangnung, Kyungju, Pusan, Ch'ungju, Ham-an, Kwangju, Wando, Mokp'o, and Puyo.I obtained results by these investigations, as follows.1) The remains of the ancient city which can be discerned now, are composed of ruins of a palace, streets, office, quarters, Buddhist temples. I observed the excavation of these remains, and comprehended the structure of the capital and local cities of Silla and Pekche.2) Burial mounds are important remains, which belong with the ancient cities. In this time, I investigated these mounds in each place, and comprehended their structure and the variety of burial accessories, from which I derived suggestion about the complexity of the ancient city culture.3) In ancietn Korea, a city habitually had a citadel on a hill at the back of it. In this time, I investigated both citadels and city walls, and comprehended the correlation of both.4) I made observatin of the monuments and the Mokkans (narrow strips of wood on which an official message is written) discovered recently, and inquired into literal materials.5) In these field trip, I observed not only ancient remains, but also city walls, temples and others which constructed in the Koryo and the Choson era, and comprehended the process of expansion of cities from ancient times to the middle and near modern ages.