The Study on the Cities of Ancient Korea

1994年11月25日至12月11日和1995年12月6日至18日，我对韩国古代城市遗迹及相关文物进行了实地考察。在这些调查中，我访问了首尔、春川、江陵、庆州、釜山、清州、咸安、光州、莞岛、木浦和普约。我通过这些调查获得了以下结果：1）现在可以辨认的古城遗迹由宫殿、街道、办公室、住宅、佛教寺庙的废墟组成。我观察了这些遗迹的挖掘，了解了新罗和北车的首都和地方城市的结构。2）墓葬是重要的遗迹，属于古代城市。在这段时间里，我调查了每个地方的这些土丘，了解了它们的结构和各种各样的随葬品，从中我得到了关于古代城市文化复杂性的暗示。3）在古代朝鲜，一个城市习惯于在它后面的山上有一个城堡。在这段时间里，我调查了城堡和城墙，并理解两者之间相互关系。4）我观察子纪念碑和莫坎（写官方信息的窄木条）最近发现，并调查了文字材料。在这些实地考察中，我不仅观察了古代遗迹，而且还观察了城墙，寺庙和其他在高丽和朝鲜时代建造的建筑，并了解从古代到近代中期和近现代的城市扩张过程。

From Nov.25 to Dec.11 1994 and from Dec.6 to 18 1995, I made field investigations into remains of the ancient cities in South Korea, and relics related to them. In these investigations, I visited Seoul, Ch'unch'on, Kangnung, Kyungju, Pusan, Ch'ungju, Ham-an, Kwangju, Wando, Mokp'o, and Puyo.I obtained results by these investigations, as follows.1) The remains of the ancient city which can be discerned now, are composed of ruins of a palace, streets, office, quarters, Buddhist temples. I observed the excavation of these remains, and comprehended the structure of the capital and local cities of Silla and Pekche.2) Burial mounds are important remains, which belong with the ancient cities. In this time, I investigated these mounds in each place, and comprehended their structure and the variety of burial accessories, from which I derived suggestion about the complexity of the ancient city culture.3) In ancietn Korea, a city habitually had a citadel on a hill at the back of it. In this time, I investigated both citadels and city walls, and comprehended the correlation of both.4) I made observatin of the monuments and the Mokkans (narrow strips of wood on which an official message is written) discovered recently, and inquired into literal materials.5) In these field trip, I observed not only ancient remains, but also city walls, temples and others which constructed in the Koryo and the Choson era, and comprehended the process of expansion of cities from ancient times to the middle and near modern ages.