Intercellular recognition and signal transduction in plants

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In this research project, recognition and signal transduction in a cell as well as tissue-cells were investigated using various systems of plant-microbe, biotic elicitor or physical stimuli, and the following major results were obtained.1) In relation to Ca ^<2+>signalling, effect of Mg ^<2+>on the Ca ^<2+>/H+ antiporter or Ca^<2+>, purification and characterization of Ca^<2+>dependent protein kinase and involvement of Ca ^<2+>dependent protein kinase in inositol phospholipid turnover and PAL induction in elicitor-treated suspension cultured cells was demonstrated. 2) N-acetylchitoorigosaccharide elicited an oxidative burst generating OH radical and phosphorylation of the various proteins in rice suspension cultured cells. 3) Active electric potential was generated and transduced in characean cells by a physical stimulus and resulted in cause a cessation of protoplasmic streaming by Ca^<2+> dependent phosphorylation of myosin. 4) Fungal elicitors stimulated the oxidative burst, followed by lipid peroxidation with an activation of phospholipase A^2. This enzyme activity in potato tissues was dependent on CaM and protein kinase and appeared to be patatin. 5) Cytoskeleton was involved as some signal transduction in rejection-response of plant cells against invading pathogens. 6) In induction of systemic acquired resistance in barley seedlings to pathogens, infection or wounding signals was found to cause first a electric signal and then production of some molecules for secondary signal. 7) The oxidative burst in potato tissues treated with fungal elicitor was found to be dependent on Ca^<2+> influx, CaM and protein kinase and to cause a subsystemic oxidative burst by generated H_2O_2. The subsystemic oxidative burst was also due to Ca^<2+> signalling.