A Historical Study of Japanese Loan Words from the Meiji Era

对日语“新语言”（从汉语以外的语言借来的词，通常使用片假名书写）研究的主要贡献是梅垣稔的《日本新语言研究》（1963）和荒川修北的《角川新语言词典》，第二版，1977)。随后，出现了一些其他的“歌来歌”词典，以及文化厅的“歌来歌jittai chosa shiryo 1-3”（调查歌来歌实际使用的材料，1-3;1989-90）等其他一些作品，但没有使用实际例子进行历时调查。本研究试图通过逐字逐句的实例来厘清明治以来“买买买”的使用情况。它包含了日本第一个“弹歌”数据库，并应根据实际情况发展成为一本日语弹歌词典。研究结果如下：1。我们调查了原始版本，收集了更多的ted作品和平装版本。对于小井森的《大雁》和远藤修作的《海与毒》，我们比较了杂志版、第一版、作者文集版、现代文学合集版以及岩上、新草、讲坛和角川的平装版。我们发现由于作者修改、编辑修改或印刷错误，所有这些文本与第一版之间存在差异。因此，在词汇研究和例句收集中，有必要明确基本语篇的使用。数据库的构建为了阐明每个词的历史，我们建立了一个按时间顺序排列的实例数据库。到目前为止，该数据库由大约40,000个以h， f, b, m, y， r和w开头的例句组成。我们希望将来将其扩展到字母表的其余部分。3 .问题歌的选择从数据库和英日词典中选取了在日本发生过抄写变化、意义变化、缩写变化或在日本创造的歌，并编制了一份日本创造的歌列表。对gaiaigwe的历史研究对收集到的一些例子做了这样的研究。本报告包括saibogu（半机械人）和aidentiti（身份）。少

The major contributions to the study of Japanese gairaigo (words borrowed from languages other than Chinese, and normally written using katakana) are Minoru Umegaki's Nihon gairaigo no kenkyu (A Study of Japanese Gairaigo ; 1963) and Sobei Arakawa's Kadokawa gairaigo jiten dainiban (Kadokawa's Gairaigo Dictionary, second edition ; 1977). Subsequently, a number of other gairaigo dictionareis have appeared, as well as a few other works such as the Agency for Cultural Affairs' Gairaigo jittai chosa shiryo 1-3 (Materials for Investigating the Actual Use of Gairaigo, 1-3 ; 1989-90), but there has been no diachronic survey using actual examples. The present study attmpts to clarify the use of gairaigo since Meiji through actual word-by-word examples. It contains the first database for gairaigo in Japan, and should develop into a dictionary of Japanese gairaigo based on actual examples.The research results are as follows :1. The texts used for examplesWe investigated original editions, collec … More ted works and paperback editions. For Mori Ogai's Gan (The Wild Geese) and Shusaku Endo's Umi to Dokuyaku (The Sea and Poison) we compared magazine publication, the first book edition, author's collected works editions, collected modern literature editions as well as paperback editions by Iwanami, Shincho, Kodansha and Kadokawa. We found differences between all these texts and the first book edition due to author's revisions, editorial revisions or misprints. Because of this it is necessary to be clear about the basic texts used in vocabulary studies and collecting examples.2. The construction of the databaseIn order to clarify the history of each word we built a chronologically arranged database of actual examples. So far the database consists of approximately 40,000 example sentences begining with h, f, b, m, y, r and w. We hope to expand it to the remainder of the alphabet in the future.3. The selection of problematic gairaigoFrom the database and English-Japanese dictionaries we selected gairaigo which have changed in transcription, changed in meaning, undergone abbreviation, or been created in Japan, and compiled a list of gairaigo created in Japan.4. The historical study of gairaigoWe did this for some of the examples collected. This report includes saibogu (cyborg) and aidentiti (identity). Less