A Historical Study of Japanese Loan Words from the Meiji Era

明治时代日语外来词的历史研究

• 批准号: 06451075
• 负责人: HIDA Yoshifumi
• 金额: $ 3.01万
• 依托单位: INTERNATIONAL CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06451075/
• 关键词: Loan Words; History of Load Words; History of Words; Changes in Meaning; Loan Words created in Japan; Date Base on Loan Words; 外来語の表記; 外来語の意味; 外来語の原語との比較; 外来語の語形変化; 外来語史研究

The major contributions to the study of Japanese gairaigo (words borrowed from languages other than Chinese, and normally written using katakana) are Minoru Umegaki's Nihon gairaigo no kenkyu (A Study of Japanese Gairaigo ; 1963) and Sobei Arakawa's Kadokawa gairaigo jiten dainiban (Kadokawa's Gairaigo Dictionary, second edition ; 1977). Subsequently, a number of other gairaigo dictionareis have appeared, as well as a few other works such as the Agency for Cultural Affairs' Gairaigo jittai chosa shiryo 1-3 (Materials for Investigating the Actual Use of Gairaigo, 1-3 ; 1989-90), but there has been no diachronic survey using actual examples. The present study attmpts to clarify the use of gairaigo since Meiji through actual word-by-word examples. It contains the first database for gairaigo in Japan, and should develop into a dictionary of Japanese gairaigo based on actual examples.The research results are as follows :1. The texts used for examplesWe investigated original editions, collec … More ted works and paperback editions. For Mori Ogai's Gan (The Wild Geese) and Shusaku Endo's Umi to Dokuyaku (The Sea and Poison) we compared magazine publication, the first book edition, author's collected works editions, collected modern literature editions as well as paperback editions by Iwanami, Shincho, Kodansha and Kadokawa. We found differences between all these texts and the first book edition due to author's revisions, editorial revisions or misprints. Because of this it is necessary to be clear about the basic texts used in vocabulary studies and collecting examples.2. The construction of the databaseIn order to clarify the history of each word we built a chronologically arranged database of actual examples. So far the database consists of approximately 40,000 example sentences begining with h, f, b, m, y, r and w. We hope to expand it to the remainder of the alphabet in the future.3. The selection of problematic gairaigoFrom the database and English-Japanese dictionaries we selected gairaigo which have changed in transcription, changed in meaning, undergone abbreviation, or been created in Japan, and compiled a list of gairaigo created in Japan.4. The historical study of gairaigoWe did this for some of the examples collected. This report includes saibogu (cyborg) and aidentiti (identity). Less

对日语外来语（从汉语以外的语言借用的词，通常用片假名书写）研究的主要贡献是梅梅树实的《日本外来语研究》（1963年）和荒川宗兵卫的《角川外来语词典》（1977年第二版）。后来，出现了一些其他的外来语词典，以及一些其他的著作，如文化事务厅的《外来语jittai chosa shiryo 1-3》（调查外来语实际使用的材料，1-3 ; 1989-90），但没有使用实际例子进行历时调查。本研究试图通过一个词一个词的实例来阐明自明治以来“外来语”的用法。它包含了日本第一个外来语数据库，并应根据实例发展成为日语外来语词典。我们调查了原始版本，收集了 ...更多信息 TED作品和平装本。对于森外的《雁》和远藤周作的《海与毒》，我们比较了杂志出版、第一本书版本、作者文集版本、现代文学文集版本以及岩波、新潮、讲谈社和角川的平装本。我们发现，由于作者的修改，编辑的修改或印刷错误，所有这些文本和第一本书的版本之间的差异。正因为如此，在词汇研究和收集例句时，有必要明确所使用的基本文本.数据库的建设为了澄清每个词的历史，我们建立了一个按时间顺序排列的实例数据库。到目前为止，该数据库包括大约40，000个以h、f、B、m、y、r和w开头的例句。我们希望在未来将其扩展到字母表的其余部分。从数据库和英日词典中，选取了在日本发生了音变、词义变化、缩写或创造的“外来语”，编制了一份日本创造的“外来语”列表。盖赖戈的历史研究我们这样做的一些例子收集。这份报告包括saibogu（电子人）和aidentiti（身份）。少