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DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID FACILITATED TRANSPORT MEMBRANES BY PLASMA GRAFT POLYMERIZATION AND THEIR APPLICATION TO HIGHLY SELECTIVE SEPARATIONS

通过等离子体接枝聚合开发杂化促进运输膜及其在高选择性分离中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
06555236
负责人：
TERAMOTO Masaaki
金额：
$ 3.9万
依托单位：
kYOTO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

New types of microporous cation-exchange membranes were prepared by grafting acrylic acid and methacrylic acid onto substrates, such as microporous polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene and homogeneous poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] by the use of the plasma graft polymerization technique. Various monoprotonated amines were immobilized by electrostatic force in the ion exchange membranes as the carrier of CO_2, and the facilitated transport of CO_2 through the grafted membramnes was studied. When CO_2 partial pressure in the feed phase was 0.047 atm, the selectivity for CO_2 over N_2 was 4,700 with a CO_2 permeation rate of 1x10^<-4> cm^3/ (cm^2・s・cmHg). These efficiencies are much higher than those of conventional polymer membranes and are also superior to efficiencies reported previously for ion-exchange membranes containing carriers. These excellent results are probably attributable to the high ion-exchange capacitiy and the high water content of these ion-exchange membranes. The newly prepared membranes were stable if the feed and the sweep gases were presaturated with water vapor upstream of a permeation cell. It was also possible to graft acrylic acid onto a microporous polyethylene hollow fiber membrane, and this membrane containing ethylenediamine showed both high CO_2 permeation rate and selectivity.Membranes having tertiary amine groups as a fixed carrier were also prepared by plasma garfting 2 (N,N-dimethyl) aminoethyl methacrylate to microporous polyethylene membranes. It was suggested that the dry membrane acts as a fixed carrier membrane for CO_2 transport in the dry condition and as a fixed reaction site membrane under the water-containing condition. The carrier transport mechanism is discussed for the dry and wet membranes. The membrane prepared by grafting acrylamide onto a microporous polyethylene membrane also showed the characteristic behavior of CO_2 facilitated transport membrane.

采用等离子体接枝聚合技术，将丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸接枝到微孔聚乙烯、聚四氟乙烯和均相聚[1-（三甲基硅基）-1-丙炔]上，制备了新型微孔阳离子交换膜。利用静电力将各种单质子化胺固定在离子交换膜上作为CO_2的载体，并研究了CO_2在接枝膜中的促进传输。当进料相CO2分压为0.047 atm时，CO2对N2的选择性为4,700，CO2渗透速率为1 × 10 ~<-4>（^3）cm ~（2·s·cm Hg）。这些效率比常规聚合物膜的效率高得多，并且也比先前报道的含有载体的离子交换膜的效率优越上级。这些优异的结果可能归因于这些离子交换膜的高离子交换容量和高水含量。新制备的膜是稳定的，如果进料和吹扫气体用渗透单元上游的水蒸气预饱和。将丙烯酸接枝到聚乙烯中空纤维微孔膜上，得到了具有高CO_2透过速率和高选择性的含乙二胺中空纤维膜，并将甲基丙烯酸2-（N，N-二甲基）氨基乙酯等离子体接枝到聚乙烯微孔膜上，制备了具有叔胺基团的固定载体膜。结果表明，干膜在干燥条件下作为CO_2传输的固定载体膜，在含水条件下作为固定反应位点膜。讨论了干膜和湿膜的载流子输运机理。丙烯酰胺接枝到聚乙烯微孔膜上制备的膜也表现出CO_2促进传递膜的特征行为。