Development of teaching methods for undergraduate psychology courses and evaluation of their effectiveness.

研究目的：本研究旨在探讨本科生心理学课程的教学方法，并评估其有效性。主要成果：1.课堂教学研究(1)课堂教学调查显示，教师积极参与改善教与学。这包括自我建模对教学改进的影响，以及教学自我效能感在教学和观看视频前后的变化。(2)对西方教学设计和媒体教育的研究进行了综述，以期探索出有效的教学方法。(3)对教育媒体中的数字化学习模式进行了批判性的研究。(4)通过翻译心理学教学手册，探索有效的教学方法。学习研究(1)在应用问题解决方法的班级中，考察了学习自我效能感的结构和变化。(2)学习自我效能感与期望年级、能力…概念的关系通过一门大学课程对学生的学习成绩进行调查。纸质教材研究(1)在对教材进行分析的基础上，探讨了高校教材的有效生产和使用问题。(2)从收集到的心理学教材中建立数据库。(3)从内容和结构两个方面对教材进行评价。视听材料的结构研究及其效果评估(1)日本和美国的电信课程导论心理学在内容、图片成分和呈现方式方面进行了比较。对观众反应的分析明确了观众的可理解性程度和兴趣水平。(2)因果检验揭示了视频材料的呈现风格、学习者对内容的先验知识和兴趣、学习者的参与程度和从视频中学习之间的关系。互动式学习材料研究(1)心理学实验互动式学习材料是由学生自行开发和评估的。(2)在日本心理学课程中使用美国互动式心理学实验学习材料，并由学生进行评估。指出了媒体在有效教与学中存在的问题。评价研究(1)比较不同班级学生对每位教师的教学评价及其相关因素。研究结果与有效的教与学有关。(2)开发了评价学与教的支持系统。结合该系统在电大学生评价中的应用，探讨了该系统的改进之处。研究成果的介绍该项目的成果在1996年日本心理学协会第60届年会的一个研讨会上作了部分介绍。讨论揭示了研究的视角，最终成为对该项目的形成性评估。较少

Purpose :This study aimed at developing teaching methods for undergraduate psychology courses and evaluating their effectiveness.Major Outcomes :1. Studies of classroom instruction(1) Survey of classroom instruction revealed teachers' active participation in improving teaching and learning. This included the effects of self-modeling on teaching improvements, and changes of instructional self-efficacy before and after the instruction and video watching. (2) Research on instructional design and media education in Western countries was reviewed, in order to develop effective teaching methods. (3) Digital modes of learning in educational media were critically examined. (4) Effective teaching methods were studied by translating handbooks for the teaching of psychology.2. Studies of learning(1) Structures and changes of learning self-efficacy were examined in classes where problem solving approaches are applied. (2) The relation of learning self-efficacy, expected grade, conception of abilit … More y, and academic performance was investigated through students a university course.3. Studies of print materials(1) Issues of effective production and usage of university textbooks were discussed based on the analyzes of the materials. (2) A database was developed from the psychology textbooks collected. (3) The textbooks were evaluated in terms of contents and structure.4. Structural studies of audiovisual materials and assessment of their effects(1) Telecourse introductory psychology in Japan and the USA were compared in terms of contents, picture components, and means of presentation. Analyzes of viewers' responses clarified the degree of viewer comprehensibility and interest level. (2) A causal examination revealed relationships between presentation styles of video materials, learners' prior knowledge and interest in the content, learners' degree of participation, and learning from the videos.5. Studies of interactive learning materials(1) Interactive learning materials for psychology experiments were developed and assessed by students. (2) American interactive learning materials for psychology experiments were used in Japnese psychology courses and assessed by students. Problems of media usage for effective teaching and learning were pointed out.6. Studies of Evaluation(1) Student instructional evaluation and the related factors for each teacher were compared in different classes. The results were discussed in connection with effective teaching and learning.(2) A support system for evaluating learning and instruction was developed. Improvements of the system were discussed based on its application to student evaluation of telecourses.7. Presentation of research resultsOutcomes of the project were presented in part at a workshop at the 60th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, 1996. Discussion revealed perspectives of the research, which eventually became a formative evaluation of the project. Less