Study of Industry and Culture in Modern France through the Works of Zola

在这个项目中，我们试图展示埃米尔·左拉的《鲁贡-麦夸特》如何代表了19世纪下半叶法国工业、科学技术和伟大的现代城市的发展与新的文化或人类心态之间的关系。我们的作品将分为三点：1.奥斯曼的巴黎翻新-我们在La Curee中看到了左拉对这部作品进行小说化的巧妙方式，特别是在参观普林斯-尤金大道拆迁工作的场景中，我们考察了对城市的“解剖”成为现代科学行动的隐喻。我们还明确指出，作为现代铁质和玻璃建筑原型的“温室”，将现代社会表现为一个展示和渴望的空间。百货公司和时尚业的发展-迪克斯街，左拉的Au Bonheur des Dams想要面对的新宽阔的街道，介于证券交易所和歌剧院之间。它向我们展示了这样一个事实：对于佐拉来说，百货商店是投机和壮观的结合。我们分析了百货公司玻璃空间中的诱惑美学。通过对雷内各种服饰的考察，探讨了第二帝国时期的时尚与文化问题。工业社会与性别的问题-左拉将奥克塔夫·穆雷特经营的百货商店设想为一台象征工业社会的巨大而可怕的机器。这是一种由男性发明的剥削女性的机制。我们通过小说中的女性角色来考察女性与消费资本主义的关系-购物者(消费者)、雇员(工人)和经理的妻子(管家)。

In this project, we have tried to demonstrate how Emile Zola's Les Rougon-Macquart represents the relation between the developpement of industry, scientific technology and great modern cities, on the one hand, and a new culture or human mentality, on the other hand, in the latter half of 19th century France. Our works will be divided into three points :1. The renovation of Paris by Haussmann---we have seen in La Curee, Zola's ingenious way of novelizing this work, and particularly, in the scene of the visit to demolition works at the Boulevard Prince-Eugene, we have examined that the "dissection" of the city becomes a metaphor of modern scientific operations. We also made clear that the "glasshouse", prototype of modern architecture with iron and glass, represents the modern society as a space of exposition and desire.2. The developpement of the department store and the fashion industry---the Rue du Dix Decembre, new wide street on which Zola's Au Bonheur des Dames wants to be faced, runs between the stock exchange and the opera. It shows us with the very fact the department store is for Zola a union of speculation and spectacle. We have analyzed the aesthetics of seduction in the glass space of the department store. Through the examen of Rene's various costumes, we also have discussed the problem of fashion and culture under the Second Empire.3. The problem of industrialized society and gender---Zola conceives of his department store managed by Octave Mouret as a gigantic and monstrous "machine" which symbolizes the industrial society. It is a mechanism of exploiting women invented by men. We have examined the relation between women and consumer capitalism through the feminin characters in the novel divided into three categories---the shoppers (consumer), the employees (worker) and the wife of manager (housekeeper).