Study of Zola's novels, art criticism and French paintings from the 1860s-1880s : Modern Paris and the artistic modernism

本文的研究目的是通过对左拉小说、艺术批评与当时绘画关系的研究分析，从历史、社会、文化的角度分析左拉与画家的共同关注点，主要研究成果有三：1.借由第二帝国时期的巴黎模式与《拉库雷》中所提到的女性身体问题的关系，可以了解到这部批判第二帝国时期浮华的小说，包含了对追求叙事主题与光滑表面的学院派绘画的批判.关于法兰西第三共和国时期的巴黎与新绘画的关系，本研究还从两个角度对《巴黎的生活》与城市风景画进行了分析。第一部分是关于巴黎的重建和工业化问题，因为巴黎公社摧毁了大量的建筑物。左拉对当代建筑和城市装饰的欣赏影响了莫奈等印象派绘画。第二部分是关于共和主义思想与莫奈、马奈风景画的关系.对商品经济及其与绘画关系的分析也是基于两个视角。一个是《巴黎》中对食物的描述和马奈的静物画。很明显，不仅可以看到强烈的唯物主义概念，而且还暗示画的食物和花卉是为了销售。另一个与橱窗有关，这是现代商业的象征。在那里，女性身体的碎片化和商业化经常被使用。可以指出，左拉和画家们开始意识到他们的艺术作品也是现代商业社会的一种商品。

The purpose of this study is to analyze the common concerns of Zola and painters from a historical, social and cultural perspective, by referring to the researches and analysis about the relationship of Zola's novels, artistic criticism and the paintings in that time.Below are the 3 main achievements of this study :1. By referring to the relationship between the Paris mode in the 2^nd imperial period and the problem of female bodies mentioned in La Curee, it has been understood that this novel in which the ostentatious 2^nd imperial period is criticized includes a criticism about the academic paintings which pursue the narrative themes and the smooth and polished surface.2. Relating to the relationship of Paris in French Third Republic and the new paintings, this study also conducted an analysis of Le Ventre de Paris and the city landscape paintings from 2 perspectives. The first one is about the problem of the reconstruction and industrialization of Paris, since the time in which a large number of buildings were destroyed by Paris Commune. Zola's appreciation towards contemporary architecture and city decorations have influenced the paintings of Impressionism such as Monet's works. The second one is related to the relationship of republican ideology and landscape paintings by Monet and Manet.3. The analysis about the commodity economy and its relationship with paintings is also based on 2 perspectives. One is the description of food in Le Ventre de Paris and still-life paintings of Manet. It is obvious to see not only the strong concept of materialism, but also the suggestion that food and flowers painted are for sale. Another one is related to the show windows, which is the symbol of modern commerce. The fragmentation and commercialization of female bodies are frequently used there. It can be pointed out that Zola and painters became aware that their artistic works were also a type of merchandise in modern commercial society.