The Origin of Chinese as Considered from the Typological Status of Karen among the Tibet-Burman Group of Languages

从克伦语在藏缅语系中的类型地位看汉语的起源

基本信息

批准号：
06801064
负责人：
FUJII Fumio
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Ibaraki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06801064/
关键词：
Linguistic Typology Linguistic Universals Syntax Tibeto-Burman Burman Languages Creole Linguistic Change Linguistic Genealogy 総括論(文法論)言語普通論 Typology Nniversals Creolization Tibeto-Burman Karen Burman Sino-Tibetan Chinese

项目摘要

The present research was planned to serve as an elementary case study investigating into mechanisms of diachronic development in natural languages from a viewpoint of the notion of "creolization". By way of thoroughly clarifying the systematic function of syntactic structures of a historically not well-documented language, concretely Karen in the present case, it should be attempted, as a whole, at determining the linguistic type of this language. As is repeatedly hinted upon in the main part of this report, however, there has been little information on Karen hitherto. It is, therefore, only natural that the main purpose of the present research lies in gathering and analyzing linguistic data from this language as a kind of preparatory research for a more general investigation to be carried out before long.As has been expected from the beginning, linguistic data which document the emergence of the Karen language are altogether lacking and historical records apparently indicating diachro … More nic changes-concretely from "verb-final" to "verb-medial" syntax-are not available, either. However, the result of the present systematic investigation into the syntactic structures of the present-day Karen unequivocally points out that another "grammatical gravitation" than the one just after the topic must be assumed at the end of the sentence, suggesting syntactic patterns are (still) mapped "verb-finally" in part. Although this fact does not immediately hint upon the "creolizing" character of the language, it strongly suggests that Karen may be typified as a kind of "hybrid" language, exactly as Modern Chinese, showing both characteristics of the "verb-final" and the "verb-medial" syntaxs in spite of its placement of the syntactic verb at the medial position directly after the topic-NP.Interestingly enough from a general linguistic point of view, Karen also shows the so-called "Verb Serialization" as a possible pass-way of syntactic change. While the medial placement of the syntactic verb may have been caused rather "accidentally" as the stage of pidgin, the further development of the syntactic change exactly indicate the creolization of Karen, whereby the systematic status of the "grammatical gravitation" at the end of the sentence may play an extra-ordinary important role. As so much basic data have been collected to contribute to issues in general linguistics, we may now expect to profit much from further general in vestigations utilizing typological comparison with the surrounding languages in this region. Less

本研究计划是一项基本案例研究，该研究从“克里奥尔化”概念的角度研究了自然语言中历时性发展的机制。通过彻底清楚地阐明历史上没有据可查的语言的句法结构的系统功能，在本案中是具体的，在当前情况下，应尝试确定这种语言的语言类型。但是，正如本报告的主要部分所暗示的那样，关于Karen Hideto的信息很少。因此，本研究的主要目的是自然而然的是收集和分析从这种语言中的语言数据，作为一种准备研究，以进行更一般的投资，以进行更长时间的投资。从一开始就可以从一开始就可以记录了Karen语言的出现，而Karen语言的出现是Altogeplect Altogeplect和Historical Records的出现。语法 - 也不可用。然而，当今卡伦（Karen）当前对句法结构进行系统投资的结果明确地指出，在句子结束时必须假设该主题之后的另一个“语法吸引力”，这表明句法模式在部分中是（仍然）绘制的“ verb-fiar-finb-firal-firbinal”。尽管这一事实并未立即暗示该语言的“杂技特征”，但它强烈表明，卡伦（Karen）可以像现代的中汉一样被称为一种“混合”语言，表现出“动词 - 最终”的特征，又显示了“动词 - 摩西语”的特征，尽管在属性的属性范围内，也可以在属于概念的范围内置于语法上的位置，这既是词性的态度，又显示出术语的范围。卡伦还显示了所谓的“动词序列化”，作为句法变化的可能通过。尽管句法动词的介质位置可能是“意外”的，但作为pidgin的阶段，句法变化的进一步发展完全表明了卡伦的克雷奥尔化，因此，该句子结束时“语法引力”的系统地位可能起着非凡的重要作用。由于已经收集了很多基本数据来促进一般语言学中的问题，因此我们可能希望使用与该地区的周围语言进行类型学比较，从进一步的遗传中获利。较少的