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The Origin of Chinese as Considered from the Typological Status of Karen among the Tibet-Burman Group of Languages

从克伦语在藏缅语系中的类型地位看汉语的起源

基本信息

批准号：
06801064
负责人：
FUJII Fumio
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Ibaraki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06801064/
关键词：
Linguistic Typology Linguistic Universals Syntax Tibeto-Burman Burman Languages Creole Linguistic Change Linguistic Genealogy 総括論(文法論)言語普通論 Typology Nniversals Creolization Tibeto-Burman Karen Burman Sino-Tibetan Chinese

项目摘要

The present research was planned to serve as an elementary case study investigating into mechanisms of diachronic development in natural languages from a viewpoint of the notion of "creolization". By way of thoroughly clarifying the systematic function of syntactic structures of a historically not well-documented language, concretely Karen in the present case, it should be attempted, as a whole, at determining the linguistic type of this language. As is repeatedly hinted upon in the main part of this report, however, there has been little information on Karen hitherto. It is, therefore, only natural that the main purpose of the present research lies in gathering and analyzing linguistic data from this language as a kind of preparatory research for a more general investigation to be carried out before long.As has been expected from the beginning, linguistic data which document the emergence of the Karen language are altogether lacking and historical records apparently indicating diachro … More nic changes-concretely from "verb-final" to "verb-medial" syntax-are not available, either. However, the result of the present systematic investigation into the syntactic structures of the present-day Karen unequivocally points out that another "grammatical gravitation" than the one just after the topic must be assumed at the end of the sentence, suggesting syntactic patterns are (still) mapped "verb-finally" in part. Although this fact does not immediately hint upon the "creolizing" character of the language, it strongly suggests that Karen may be typified as a kind of "hybrid" language, exactly as Modern Chinese, showing both characteristics of the "verb-final" and the "verb-medial" syntaxs in spite of its placement of the syntactic verb at the medial position directly after the topic-NP.Interestingly enough from a general linguistic point of view, Karen also shows the so-called "Verb Serialization" as a possible pass-way of syntactic change. While the medial placement of the syntactic verb may have been caused rather "accidentally" as the stage of pidgin, the further development of the syntactic change exactly indicate the creolization of Karen, whereby the systematic status of the "grammatical gravitation" at the end of the sentence may play an extra-ordinary important role. As so much basic data have been collected to contribute to issues in general linguistics, we may now expect to profit much from further general in vestigations utilizing typological comparison with the surrounding languages in this region. Less

本研究旨在从克理奥尔化的角度探讨自然语言的历时发展机制。通过彻底澄清一种历史上没有很好记录的语言，具体地说是卡伦语，句法结构的系统功能，应该试图从整体上确定这种语言的语言类型。然而，正如本报告的主要部分一再暗示的那样，迄今为止关于卡伦的信息很少。因此，很自然，本研究的主要目的在于收集和分析这种语言的语言数据，作为不久将进行的更普遍的调查的一种准备性研究。正如从一开始就预料到的那样，记录克伦语出现的语言数据完全缺乏，历史记录显然表明了历时性。 ...更多信息 NIC变化-具体地从“verb-final”到“verb-medial”语法-也不可用。然而，本系统的研究结果的句法结构的现代卡伦明确指出，另一个“语法引力”比一个紧接在主题后必须假设在句末，这表明句法模式（仍然）映射“动词最后”的一部分。虽然这一事实并没有直接暗示语言的“克理奥尔化”特征，但它强烈地表明，克伦语可能是一种“混合”语言，就像现代汉语一样，尽管它把句法动词直接置于话题之后的中间位置，但它同时具有“动末”和“动中”句法的特点--有趣的是，从一般语言学的角度来看，凯伦还指出了所谓的“动词序列化”作为句法变化的一种可能途径。虽然句法动词的中间位置可能是作为皮钦语阶段而“偶然”造成的，但句法变化的进一步发展恰恰表明了卡伦语的克理奥尔化，句末“语法引力”的系统地位可能发挥了非同寻常的重要作用。由于已经收集了如此多的基础数据来研究普通语言学的问题，我们现在可以期望通过与该地区周围语言的类型学比较来进行进一步的普通调查。少