Universal Patterns of Language Development Considered from the Typological Features of the Languages of Indo-China

本研究是对克伦语研究项目的延续。应用在前一个项目过程中建立的方法步骤，通过一种实地调查对语言数据进行采样，确定所讨论语言的语言类型，最后，试图找出过去可能的克理奥尔化的遗迹，除了卡伦语之外的其他语言，尽管经常被称为“不和谐”的星座，所谓的“相邻”粒子，在东南亚几乎所有的动词中介语言中，表示疑问语气的词，如疑问语气等，通常都放在句尾，而不管它们与语系的亲缘关系如何。本文运用“语法引力”的概念，认为在语法表达中，命题与情态应保持一定的距离，因而不需要用“语气”来表示 ...更多信息 附加助词，在结构上与通常被认为代表命题概念的动词表达相联系。本文通过对东南亚一些不同起源的语言的分析，论证了附加助词的结构机制与其他句法现象的关系，正因为如此，附加助词在动中语言中也可以置于句尾（东南亚的）。虽然我们在目前的讨论阶段还不能肯定，但东南亚的语言显示出一些可以被认为是克理奥尔化遗迹的句法现象。正如上文所指出的，“语法引力”的概念在解决迄今为止无法解释的类型学之谜方面发挥了核心作用。通过一系列的研究项目，自然语言的“克理奥尔化假说”有望得到完善。少

The present research has been carried out as an extended sequel of the previous research project on the Karen language. Applying the methodological steps established in the course of the previous project, sampling linguistic data by a kind of fieldwork, identifying the linguistic type of the language in question, and, finally, trying to find out relics of a possible creolisation in the past, to the other languages than Karen,In spite of the often alleged "disharmonious" constellation, so-called "adsentential" particles, indicating sentential mood such as interrogativity and the like, are generally placed sentence-finally in almost all verbmedial languages in South-East Asia, irrespective of their genetic affinity to the language families. Utilising the notion of "Grammatical Gravitation" based on the idea that proposition and modality of the sentential expression should be principally kept apart from each other, it is argued that there is no need for sentential mood, often indicated by … More adsentential particles, to be structurally associated with verbal expressions which are usually conceived of as representative for the notion of proposition. By means of a number of languages of different origins, spoken in South-East Asia, it is demonstrated that the structural device of adsentential particles is related to other different syntactic phenomena, and exactly for this reason, adsentential particles can be placed in the sentencefinal position even in the verb-medial languages (of South-East Asia).Although we are not yet sure at the present stage of discussion, the languages of South-East Asia reveal to show a number of syntactic phenomena which could be conceived of as relics of creolisation. As poited out above, the notion of "Grammatical Gravitation" turns out to play a central role in solving typological mysteries, which could not be accounted for hitherto. By carrying out a successive research project, "creolising hypothesis" of natural languages is expected to be completed. Less