Prediction of new pandemic influenza viruses -Distribution of the viruses in waterfowls in their nesting places in Siberia

1995- 1997年每年夏天，在堪察加半岛、哈巴罗夫斯克和萨哈共和国采集了3，000份水禽粪便和湖水样本。1996年，在Lena河流域Kobyaysky地区收集的900份粪便样本中，分离出60株H30 'N、19株H4 N6、1株H4 N9、1株H11 N1、2株H11 N6和8株H11 N9流感病毒。虽然从Lena河（北纬65 ° 00 ′-64 ° 34 ′）的“40个岛屿”地区采集的样品中没有分离到病毒，但1997年从Kobyaysky地区采集的120个样品和雅库茨克（北纬62 ° 05 ′）的72个样品中分别分离到1个H4 N6和5个H3 N8病毒。从堪察加半岛或哈巴罗夫斯克采集的样本中未分离出流感病毒。1996年和1997年10月，在北海道索亚市采集了480份水禽粪便样品。从这些分离株中分离到H1N1、H5 N3、H5 N4、H6 N1、H6 N7、H8 N1、H8 N3、H9 N2和H11 N9禽流感病毒株，并对这些分离株的NP基因进行系统进化分析，结果表明这些分离株属于欧亚系禽流感病毒。西伯利亚的病毒通过鸭子的迁徙被带到了中国南方，那里可能是流感的中心。对西伯利亚候鸟的进一步监测研究应提供关于新的大流行性流感病毒的信息。

In each summer of 1995-1997,3,000 fecal materials of waterfowls and lake-water samples were collected in Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, and Saha Republic. In 1996, out of 900 fecal samples collected in Kobyaysky area of the basin of the River Lena, 60ﾟ30'N,19 H4N6,1 H4N9,1 H11N1,2 H11N6, and 8 H11N9 influenza viruses were isolated. Although no virus was isolated from the samples collected in "40 islands" area of the River Lena (65ﾟ00'-64ﾟ34'N) , 1 H4N6 and 5 H3N8 viruses were isolated from 120 samples collected in Kobyaysky area and 72 samples in Yakutsk (62ﾟ05'N) , respectively, in 1997. No influenza virus was isolated from the samples collected in Kamchatka or Khabarovsk. These data may indicate that breeding areas of ducks are located around 63ﾟN of the basin of the River Lena.In each October of 1996 and 1997,480 fecal samples of waterfowls were collected in Soya, Hokkaido. From those, a-strain of H1N1, H5N3, H5N4, H6N1, H6N7, H8N1, H8N3, H9N2, and H11N9 influenza virus was isolated.Phylogentic analysis of NP genes of the isolates from fecal samples collected in Siberia and Hokaido are showed that thses strains belong to the Eurasian lineage of avian influenza viruses. The viruses in Siberia are brought to southern China, possible epicenter of influenza, by migration of ducks. Further surveillance studies of migratory birds in Siberia, should povide information on the new pandemic influenza viruses.