Prediction of new pandemic influenza viruses -Distribution of the viruses in waterfowls in their nesting places in Siberia

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In each summer of 1995-1997,3,000 fecal materials of waterfowls and lake-water samples were collected in Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, and Saha Republic. In 1996, out of 900 fecal samples collected in Kobyaysky area of the basin of the River Lena, 60ﾟ30'N,19 H4N6,1 H4N9,1 H11N1,2 H11N6, and 8 H11N9 influenza viruses were isolated. Although no virus was isolated from the samples collected in "40 islands" area of the River Lena (65ﾟ00'-64ﾟ34'N) , 1 H4N6 and 5 H3N8 viruses were isolated from 120 samples collected in Kobyaysky area and 72 samples in Yakutsk (62ﾟ05'N) , respectively, in 1997. No influenza virus was isolated from the samples collected in Kamchatka or Khabarovsk. These data may indicate that breeding areas of ducks are located around 63ﾟN of the basin of the River Lena.In each October of 1996 and 1997,480 fecal samples of waterfowls were collected in Soya, Hokkaido. From those, a-strain of H1N1, H5N3, H5N4, H6N1, H6N7, H8N1, H8N3, H9N2, and H11N9 influenza virus was isolated.Phylogentic analysis of NP genes of the isolates from fecal samples collected in Siberia and Hokaido are showed that thses strains belong to the Eurasian lineage of avian influenza viruses. The viruses in Siberia are brought to southern China, possible epicenter of influenza, by migration of ducks. Further surveillance studies of migratory birds in Siberia, should povide information on the new pandemic influenza viruses.