Prediction of new pandemic influenza viruses -Distribution of the viruses in waterfowls in their nesting places in Siberia

1995-1997年的每个夏天，在堪察加、哈巴罗夫斯克和萨哈共和国收集了3 000只水禽的粪便和湖水样本。1996年，在勒拿河流域Kobyaysky地区收集的900份粪便样本中，分离出60种<s:1> 30'N病毒、19种H4N6病毒、1种H4N9病毒、1种H11N1病毒、2种H11N6病毒和8种H11N9流感病毒。虽然在列拿河“40岛”地区（65 00′-64 34′）采集的样品中未分离到病毒，但1997年在Kobyaysky地区采集的120个样品中分离到1个H4N6病毒，在雅库茨克地区采集的72个样品中分离到5个H3N8病毒（62 05′）。在堪察加半岛和哈巴罗夫斯克采集的样本中未分离出流感病毒。这些数据可能表明，鸭的繁殖区位于勒拿河流域的63th左右。1996年和1997年每年10月，在北海道大豆市收集了480个水禽粪便样本。从中分离出H1N1、H5N3、H5N4、H6N1、H6N7、H8N1、H8N3、H9N2和H11N9流感病毒a株。从西伯利亚和北海道采集的粪样分离株的NP基因系统发育分析表明，这些株属于禽流感病毒的欧亚谱系。西伯利亚的病毒通过鸭子的迁徙被带到可能是流感中心的中国南方。对西伯利亚候鸟的进一步监测研究应能提供有关新型大流行性流感病毒的信息。

In each summer of 1995-1997,3,000 fecal materials of waterfowls and lake-water samples were collected in Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, and Saha Republic. In 1996, out of 900 fecal samples collected in Kobyaysky area of the basin of the River Lena, 60ﾟ30'N,19 H4N6,1 H4N9,1 H11N1,2 H11N6, and 8 H11N9 influenza viruses were isolated. Although no virus was isolated from the samples collected in "40 islands" area of the River Lena (65ﾟ00'-64ﾟ34'N) , 1 H4N6 and 5 H3N8 viruses were isolated from 120 samples collected in Kobyaysky area and 72 samples in Yakutsk (62ﾟ05'N) , respectively, in 1997. No influenza virus was isolated from the samples collected in Kamchatka or Khabarovsk. These data may indicate that breeding areas of ducks are located around 63ﾟN of the basin of the River Lena.In each October of 1996 and 1997,480 fecal samples of waterfowls were collected in Soya, Hokkaido. From those, a-strain of H1N1, H5N3, H5N4, H6N1, H6N7, H8N1, H8N3, H9N2, and H11N9 influenza virus was isolated.Phylogentic analysis of NP genes of the isolates from fecal samples collected in Siberia and Hokaido are showed that thses strains belong to the Eurasian lineage of avian influenza viruses. The viruses in Siberia are brought to southern China, possible epicenter of influenza, by migration of ducks. Further surveillance studies of migratory birds in Siberia, should povide information on the new pandemic influenza viruses.