Prediction of new pandemic influenza viruses -Distribution of the viruses in waterfowls in their nesting places in Siberia

1995-1997年夏季，在堪察加、哈巴罗夫斯克和萨哈共和国每年收集3000份水禽粪便和湖水样本。1996年，在莱纳河流域科比亚斯基地区采集的900份粪便样本中，分离出60株ﾟ30‘N、19株H4N6、1株H4N9、1株H11N1、2株H11N6和8株H11N9流感病毒。虽然在勒拿河“40岛”地区(65ﾟ00‘-ﾟ34’N)采集的样品中未分离到病毒，但1997年在科比亚斯基地区采集的120份样品和雅库茨克(62ﾟ05‘N)采集的72份样品中分别分离到1株H4N6和5株H3N8病毒。在堪察加或哈巴罗夫斯克采集的样本中没有分离到流感病毒。这些数据可能表明，鸭子的繁殖区位于莲花江流域63ﾟN附近。1996年和1997年10月，在北海道大豆采集了480只水禽的粪便样本。从分离到的甲型H1N1、H5N3、H5N4、H6N1、H6N7、H8N1、H8N3、H9N2和H11N9流感病毒株中，对从西伯利亚和北海道采集的粪便标本中分离到的分离株的NP基因进行了系统学分析，表明这些毒株属于禽流感病毒的欧亚谱系。西伯利亚的病毒通过鸭子的迁徙传播到可能是流感中心的中国南部。对西伯利亚候鸟的进一步监测研究应提供有关新的大流行流感病毒的信息。

In each summer of 1995-1997,3,000 fecal materials of waterfowls and lake-water samples were collected in Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, and Saha Republic. In 1996, out of 900 fecal samples collected in Kobyaysky area of the basin of the River Lena, 60ﾟ30'N,19 H4N6,1 H4N9,1 H11N1,2 H11N6, and 8 H11N9 influenza viruses were isolated. Although no virus was isolated from the samples collected in "40 islands" area of the River Lena (65ﾟ00'-64ﾟ34'N) , 1 H4N6 and 5 H3N8 viruses were isolated from 120 samples collected in Kobyaysky area and 72 samples in Yakutsk (62ﾟ05'N) , respectively, in 1997. No influenza virus was isolated from the samples collected in Kamchatka or Khabarovsk. These data may indicate that breeding areas of ducks are located around 63ﾟN of the basin of the River Lena.In each October of 1996 and 1997,480 fecal samples of waterfowls were collected in Soya, Hokkaido. From those, a-strain of H1N1, H5N3, H5N4, H6N1, H6N7, H8N1, H8N3, H9N2, and H11N9 influenza virus was isolated.Phylogentic analysis of NP genes of the isolates from fecal samples collected in Siberia and Hokaido are showed that thses strains belong to the Eurasian lineage of avian influenza viruses. The viruses in Siberia are brought to southern China, possible epicenter of influenza, by migration of ducks. Further surveillance studies of migratory birds in Siberia, should povide information on the new pandemic influenza viruses.