Ecological study of animal influenza viruses : To prepare for the emergence of pandemic influenza

为了提供下一次大流行性流感的前体基因的信息，对动物和禽流感病毒进行了流行病学监测。在俄罗斯、蒙古、中国和日本的Holdcaido共收集了3，987份迁徙水鸟的粪便样本。从这些样本中分离出212株甲型流感病毒。H1 N2猪流感病毒是从日本宫城县患有呼吸综合征的猪中分离出的。全球动物流感网络5个中心交换了25株H9 N2病毒，并对这些病毒进行了分析，基因分析表明，从北海道候鸟中分离的H9 N2病毒的血凝素（HA）和神经氨酸酶（NA）与从韩国鸡中分离的H9 N2病毒的血凝素（HA）和神经氨酸酶（NA）关系密切。从1995年至1999年在中国分离的H9 N2流感病毒与从野鸭和A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97（H9 N2）分离的病毒在遗传上不同，推测它们是从野鸭和A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97（H9 N2）分离的流感病毒的亚种。 ...更多信息 1997年在香港发现的高致病性H5 N1流感病毒的内部蛋白基因。对香港猪血清和里海海豹血清进行了检测。为了解该病毒在种间传播的分子机制，对野天鹅弱毒病毒和鸡适应病毒进行了分析。反向遗传学研究表明，在鸡肺中复制不仅需要HA，还需要其他因子，为禽和哺乳动物包括人的流感大流行做好准备，我们向世界卫生组织（WHO）提出了一个项目。该项目包括1）动物流感的流行病学监测和2）流感病毒库的建立和保存，用于疫苗和诊断。这一建议得到了建立动物流感国际网络的支持。少

To provide information on the precursor genes of the next pandemic influenza, epidemiological surveillance of animal and avian influenza viruses was performed. In total, 3,987 fecal samples of migratory waterfowls were collected in Russia, Mongolia, China and Holdcaido, Japan. From these samples, 212 influenza A viruses were isolated H1N2 swine influenza viruses were isolated from pigs with respiratory syndrome in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Twenty-five strains of H9N2 viruses were exchanged between 5 centers of global animal influenza network and stated analyzing these viruses.Genetic analysis indicated that hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of H9N2 viruses isolated from the migratory ducks in Hokkaido had a close relationship with those of H9N2 viruses isolated from the chickens in Korea. H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from 1995 to 1999 in China were genetically distinct from viruses isolated from wild ducks and A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (H9N2), presumed to be the danor of the i … More nternal protein genes of the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in Hong Kong in 1997. The NA of these viruses had a deletion in stalk region.Pig serum samples in Hong Kong and seal serum samples in Caspian Sea were examined. Antibodies against influenza viruses were detected in these, suggesting that these pigs and seals have been sporadically infected with influenza viruses.For understanding of the molecular mechanisms of interspecies transmission, avirulent wild-swan virus and chicken-adapted virus which selected after serial passage of the virus in air sacs of chicks were analyzed. Reverse genetic studies revealed that not only HA but also other fictcr is needed for the replication in chicken lung.To prepare for the emergence of pandemic influenza in birds and mammals including humans, we proposed a project to world health organization (WHO). The project consists of 1) epidemiological surveillance of animal influenza and 2) construction and preservation of library of influenza viruses for vaccine and diagnosis. This proposal resulted to be given support for constructing the inrematicnal network of animal influenza. Less