Ecology and pandemic planning of animal influenza virus

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H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus has spread in poultry from Southeast Asia to the north, Europe, and Africa. We have been conducting global surveillance of avian influenza and the assessment of pathogenicity of the H5 virus isolates in birds and mammals. In 2006, 55 avirulent avian influenza viruses were isolated from fecal sample of water birds. Thus, avian influenza viruses of 133 combinations of HA and NA subtypes have been stocked for use in vaccine and diagnosis.It was revealed that the H5N1 isolates in Mongolia in 2006 were closely related to each other and classified into the cluster of "Qinghai Lake" H5N1 viruses including those isolated in European, Mediterranean, African, and Asian countries. Swan/Mongolia/06 (H5N1) caused severe disease in ducks with 30% mortality. This virus replicated in upper respiratory tracts of pigs without any clinical signs.Rapid antigen detection kits for H5 and H7 influenza viruses were developed and their efficacy was investigated in the chickens experimentally infected with HPAI viruses. The results indicated that these antigen detection kits are useful tool for the diagnosis of influenza caused by H5 and H7 viruses.