Modeling Human Errors on Shiphandling -Workload and Performance-

在一年中，日本地区发生了700多起碰撞和搁浅事故。据认为，这些伤亡几乎全部是由航海家的人为失误造成的。为了防止航海家人为失误造成人员伤亡，在船舶作业中采取了一些预防措施。但是，根据上述措施，很难发现这些伤亡人数明显减少。在采取措施防止这些伤亡之前，有必要对导航员的人为失误进行系统的研究。作者计划对导航员的人为错误进行系统的研究。本研究的目的如下：航海家人为失误的发生机制解释。模拟导航器的人为错误。对航海家人为失误的有效预防措施提出建议。这项研究从三个不同的角度进行了调查。第一是系统工程的观点，第二是安全工程的观点，第三是劳动科学的观点。根据这一想法，大量的船舶操纵实验和模拟器进行了人类操作员的生理测量，许多日本海上事故报告也进行了统计分析，超过10年。在官方报告中找到了这项研究的详细描述。得出的结论是，最初的预期目标几乎全部实现了。

700 or more casualties on collisions and grounding for a year had been occurred in Japanese area. It was considered that almost whole of these casualties had been caused by human errors of naviators. In order to prevent casualties caused by human errors of navigatros, some prevention measures had been taken into ship operation. But it was difficult to find obvious reducion of those casualties based on above-mentioned measures.Before taking measures to prevent those casualties, a systematic research on human errors of navigators should be needed. The authors had planned a systematic research on human errors of navigators. Objectives of this research were as follows ;a. Explanation of the occurrence mechanism of human errors on navigators.b. Modeling human errors of navigators.c. Proposal of effective prevention measures against human errors of navigators.This research had investigated from three different points of views. First one was a viewpoint of System Engineering, second was Safety Engineering and third was Labor Science. Along this idea, plenty number of manoeuvring experiments on ships and simulators with physiological measurements of the human operator had executed and many reports of Japanese sea accidents for more 10 years had also analyzed statistically. Detailed description of this reaserch were found in the official report. It is concluded that almost whole of intended objectives at the beginning were satisfied.