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CONFIDENCE AND CRITIQUE ; MORAL OBJECTIVITY AND RELATIVITY OF IN VIRTUE ETHICS

信心与批评；

基本信息

批准号：
07610033
负责人：
USAMI Kosei
金额：
$ 0.83万
依托单位：
Iwate University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07610033/
关键词：
Virtue Moral Realism Communitarianism Deontology Utilitarianism Kant Cognitive response Liberalism 内的実在論人格義務

项目摘要

Deontological ethics and utilitarianism are of typical modern concern. From a viewpoint of universal rationality, both intended to establish some principle that controls moral conducts. The principles which modern ethics have deduced, however, brought about many aspects of interminable disagreements on practical moral issues. Furthermore they proved scarcely any effectiveness on cognitive or conductive response required on any specific and practical situation. For that reason, virtue ethics which estimates tradition, custom and concreteness as more important than principle in given moral conducts, has lately attracted our concern. Restoration of virtue ethics, however, might cause the uncritical and obstinate conservatism. How can it be possible, then, after so-called modern enlightenment, to argue on the possibility of the virtue ethics?Relativity and objectivity of morality, then, is our current concern ; which is argued along the points as follows :1.The loss of human "telos" (i.e.man's true end or essential nature) replaced the ancient virtues with the modern ethics. The present research shows that, following Kant, under such circumstances, virtues must be also contained by deontological ethics.2.Against the criticism which claims that such a "thin concepts" as "happiness" or "right" are too abstract to solve any practical problem, estimated possibilities are considered as to relocating modern ethics on the stage of (internal) realism as transcendental idealism, in order to integrate virtue ethics and liberalism.3.Internal realism bound by a viewpoint can go beyond its limitation and criticize itself, not by any external point of view, but by means of plural aspects that (within a person) can be obtained from different contexts brought by varieties of communities in which a person participate.

义务论伦理学和功利主义是典型的现代关注。从普遍合理性的角度来看，二者都试图确立某种控制道德行为的原则。然而，现代伦理学所推导出的原则在实际的道德问题上带来了许多无休止的分歧。此外，他们证明几乎没有任何有效性的认知或传导反应所需的任何具体和实际情况。因此，在特定的道德行为中，传统、习俗和具体性比原则更重要的美德伦理学近来引起了我们的关注。然而，德性伦理学的恢复可能导致不加批判的顽固保守主义。那么，在所谓的现代启蒙运动之后，如何可能对美德伦理学的可能性进行辩论呢？道德的相对性和客观性是我们当前关注的问题，我们沿着以下几点进行论证：1.人类“目的”（真正的目的或本质）的丧失，以现代伦理取代了古代的美德。i.e.man本文的研究表明，在康德之后，在这种情况下，美德也必须包含在义务论伦理学之中。2.针对所谓“幸福”或“权利”这样的“稀薄概念”过于抽象而不能解决任何实际问题的批评，本文认为，将现代伦理学重新置于道德伦理学的舞台上，（内部）现实主义作为先验唯心主义，以整合德性伦理学和自由主义。3.内部现实主义受一种观点的束缚，可以超越自己的局限，批判自己，而不受任何外部观点的束缚，而是通过（在一个人内部）可以从一个人所参与的各种社区带来的不同背景中获得的多个方面。