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PSYCHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY-COGNITION AND MEMORY FOR FACES IN DAILY CONTEXT.

目击者证词的心理调查——日常情境中面孔的认知和记忆。

基本信息

批准号：
07610091
负责人：
ITSUKUSHIMA Yukio
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
NIHON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this research to investigate one of the most active research fields in eyewitness testimony, so called "Post-event information effect"literature were reviewed first. In this review, we examined the underlying mechanisms which are responsible for producing the effect. We pointed ont that to explain the post-event information effect, four hypotheses have been proposed, they are substitution hypothsis (Loftus & Loftus, 1980), bias hypothesis (McCloskey & Zaragoza, 1985), co-existence hypothsis (Bekerian & Bowers, 1983), and source monitoring hypothesis. This review was published in the Japanese Cognitive Science Society Journal.A new method so called repetition priming method to investigate the effect and process of known faces was used in a series of experiment. In these series of experiment, two types of prime (complete faces and incomplete faces) were used. Main task was familiarity judgment and subjects judged whether presented face was familiar or not. The results showed that even incomplete faces facilitate the familiar judgment and judgments by incomplete faces (followed by complete faces) were longer than those by complete faces. This might result from the initial perceptual processing of incomplete faces. This research was presented at ICOM (International Conference on Memory, Italy). Lastly Yamada and Itsukushima investigated the categorization mechanisms of human facial expression. After reviewing the existing models, Yamada and Itsukushima Yamada and Itsukushima administered an experiment which examined the models. The result indicated that to attain the categorical judgment of facial expression, 1) information first mapped into semantic space of emotion, 2) then calculate the distance of the given information from the prototype was done, and 3) last nearest category to which the prototype belongs was chosen as the proper category..

本研究首先回顾了目击者证词中最活跃的研究领域之一，即所谓的“事后信息效应”。在这篇综述中，我们研究了负责产生这种效应的潜在机制。本文指出，对于事后信息效应的解释，人们提出了四种假说，即替代假说（洛夫图斯&洛夫图斯，1980）、偏差假说（McCloskey &萨拉戈萨，1985）、共存假说（Bekerian & Bowers，1983）和来源监控假说。本文采用一种新的研究方法--重复启动法，通过一系列的实验研究了已知面孔的效应和过程。在这一系列实验中，使用了两种类型的启动（完整面孔和不完整面孔）。主要任务是熟悉性判断，被试判断呈现的面孔是否熟悉。结果表明，即使是不完整的面孔也会促进熟悉的判断，并且不完整面孔（其次是完整面孔）的判断时间比完整面孔的判断时间要长。这可能是由于不完整面孔的初始感知处理。这项研究在意大利的记忆国际会议上发表。最后，Yamada和Itsukushima研究了人类面部表情的分类机制。在审查了现有的模型，山田和严岛山田和严岛管理的实验，检查模型。结果表明，为了实现表情的类别判断，首先将信息映射到情感的语义空间，然后计算给定信息与原型的距离，最后选择原型所属的最近类别作为正确类别。